混合溶剂中苯乙烯反向原子转移自由基聚合的研究义正,潘凯,江龙,张娟,淡宜**高分子材料工程国家重点实验室(四川大学)四川大学高分子研究所,成都,6100651995年,王锦山[1]在美国的Carnegie-Mellon大学首次提出了原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)。11年来,这种自由基活性聚合反应得到了广泛关注。为了解决体系中催化剂的溶解性问题,MatyjaszewskiK用溶解性很好的dNbpy代替bpy[2],后来又使用了价格更便宜的多胺如TMEDA、PMDETA、HMTETA[3]。但是多胺类催化剂在非极性溶剂中的溶解性不好导致聚合反应初期的可控性差。本文以AIBN为引发剂,CuBr2/PMDETA为催化剂,分别在二甲苯/甲醇、二甲苯/N、N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)两种混合溶剂中进行苯乙烯的反向原子转移自由基聚合。通过聚合转化率(Fig.1)、动力学曲线(Fig.2)、聚合物分子量(Fig.3)及分子量分布(Fig.4)测定,研究了催化剂在反应初期的溶解性对聚合反应可控性的影响。结果表明:在非极性溶剂二甲苯中,由于催化剂CuBr2/PMDETA在反应初期的溶解性不好,导致聚合反应在起始阶段以传统的自由基聚合为主,转化率很快升高,动力学拟合的直线不过原点。加入高沸点的极性溶剂DMF后(二甲苯/DMF=20:1,v/v),催化剂的溶解性显著提高,聚合反应初期转化率缓慢升高,分子量随转化率线性增加,分子量分布也明显变窄,但是动力学曲线不是直线,这是由于催化剂络合物与溶剂之间存在络合作用[4],直接影响了催化剂的催化作用。加入低沸点的极性溶剂乙醇后(二甲苯/乙醇=6:1,v/v),催化剂在反应初期的溶解性也明显提高,聚合反应的可控性好。由于反应温度(110℃)较高,乙醇在反应开始后15分钟已基本被除尽,因此催化作用不受影响,反应符合一级动力学规律。采用混合溶剂为解决原子转移自由基聚合中由于催化剂难容导致的反应可控性差问题提供了新的思路。010020030040050060070001020304050607080xylenexylene/DMFxylene/ethanolConversion(%)Time(min)01002003004005006007000.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.6xylenexylene/DMFxylene/ethanolln([M]0/[M])Time(min)Fig.1ThedependenceofconversionontimefortheFig.2Thedependenceofln([M]0/[m])ontimeforthepolymerizationofstyreneindifferentsolventpolymerizationofstyreneindifferentsolvent国家自然科学基金项目(NO.20374036)、四川省应用基础研究项目(NO.03JY029-054-1)和“长江学者和创新团队发展计划”资助通讯联系人0102030405060708005000100001500020000250003000035000xylenexylene/DMFxylene/ethanolMnConversion(%)10203040506070801.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.8xylenexylene/DMFxylene/ethanolMw/MnConversion(%)Fig.3TherelationshipbetweenmolecularweightandFig.4Therelationshipbetweenpolydispersityandconversionforthepolymerizationofstyreneconversionforthepolymerizationofstyreneinindifferentsolventdifferentsolvent.参考文献[1]WangJinshan;MatyjaszewskiK.Controlled/“Living”RadicalPolymerization.AtomtransferRadicalPolymerizationinthePresenceofTransition-MetalComplexes.JAmChemSoc,1995,117(20):5614.[2]MatyjaszewskiK;Controlled/“Living”RadicalPolymerization.KineticsoftheHomogeneousAtomTransferRadicalPolymerizationofStyrene.JAmChemSoc,1997,119:674.[3]XiaJianhui;MatyjaszewskiK.Controlled/“Living”RadicalPolymerization..AtomTransferRadicalPolymerizationUsingMultidentateAmineLigands.Macromolecules,1997,30:7697.[4]PintauerT;MatyjaszewskiK.Extendedx-rayabsorptionfinestructurestudyofcopper(I)andcopper(II)complexesinatomtransferradicalpolymerization.EurJInorgChem,2003(11):2082.ReverseAtomTransferRadicalPolymerizationofStinMixedSolventYiZheng,PanKai,JiangLong,ZhangJuan,andDanYiStateKeyLaboratoryofPolymerMaterialsEngineering(SichuanUniversity)PolymerResearchInstituteofSichuanUniversity,Chengdu610065,ChinaAbstract:Reverseatomtransferradicalpolymerization(RATRP)ofstyreneusingAIBNasinitiatorandCuBr2/PMDETAcomplexascatalystwasappliedinmixedsolvent.Thepolymerizationwasaccomplishedat110℃withstirringunderAr2atmosphere.Mixedsolventfurtherimprovedthesolubilityofcatalyst,resultingthatthepolymerizationwasbettercontrolledthaninsimplexsolventintheinitialstages.Thepolymerizationsexhibitedanincreaseinmolecularweightindirectproportiontotheconcentrationandthepolydispersitywasnarrow.Keyword:ReverseatomtransferradicalpolymerizationStyreneMixedsolvent