互联网金融背景下中国商业银行小微企业授信管理研究

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分类号:密级:博士学位论文互联网金融背景下中国商业银行小微企业授信管理研究AStudyonChineseCommercialBanks’CreditManagementofSmallandMicroEnterprisesundertheBackgroundofInternetFinancial所属学院:经济学院所在系别:金融系年级:2012级学号:2012710013论文作者:王锦虹I内容摘要目前,我国商业银行传统小微信贷业务的改革与创新已迫在眉睫。追求“大项目、高收益”仍是我国商业银行传统的目标客户定位,而企业总数达到70%以上的小微企业,却由于信息不对称、违约风险大、单位成本高等原因得不到商业银行的支持。这既不利于商业银行的规模扩张和客户拓展,也不利于金融体系内部实现资源的优化配置。这种现象可以用信贷配给理论来解释,商业银行对小微企业实施信贷配给属于金融系统的内生现象,是双方博弈结果所形成的“先天不足”,如果没有“外力”介入,商业银行对小微企业的信贷配给是一种常态。这是商业银行小微企业授信管理改进的“内因”。同时近几年,在大数据、云计算、移动互联、即时通信、社交媒体等技术创新的综合驱动下,互联网金融在我国异军突起,并迅速渗透到经济社会生活的方方面面。小微企业长期以来作为融资的弱势群体,当前却成为互联网金融的最大受益者。互联网金融的产生和兴起给商业银行的资产和负债业务都形成了一定的冲击,但是也同样带来了新思维和新机遇。商业银行可以借鉴互联网金融的实践经验,或者以与互联网金融企业寻求合作的方式,从信息、成本、风控、效率等方面寻求突破,积极改进小微企业授信管理。这是商业银行小微企业授信管理改进的“外因”。基于以上现实背景,文章着力研究商业银行借鉴互联网金融理念与实践,改进小微企业授信管理的思路和对策。文章研究了商业银行依托互联网金融实践进行小微企业授信管理改进的动因,并以商业银行、互联网金融企业、小微企业的三方博弈过程和结果为研究主线,找到均衡点三方的最优策略——“互联网金融企业积极寻求与商业银行合作,商业银行则根据互联网金融的实践对自身小微企业授信管理进行改进,小微企业会选择从商业银行获得融资”。同时,通过对互联网金融背景下国内外商业银行小微企业授信管理经验的梳理和借鉴,探索商业银行小微企业授信管理制度层面和操作层面的改进方法。在制度层面上,文章的核心设计是为小微企业设置不同层次的融资产品,根据信用评级实施对接,并建设网络授信平台实现线上服务和风控管理。在操作层面上,文章设计了利用双信息渠道比对排除伪信息、分档信用评级指标体系、企业主征信评分模型等具体操作策略。以上制度和操作层面上的设计有助于缓解银企间的信息不对称,有助于商业银行实现风险转移、减低成本、提高效率,进而提高商业银行小微金融业务的竞争力。II关键词:商业银行互联网金融小微企业授信管理三方博弈IIIAbstractThetraditionalbusinessreformingandinnovationofcommercialbanksinChinaisimminent.ThepursuitofbigprojectandhighyieldisstillthetraditionaltargetpositioningofcommercialbanksinChina.However,thesmallmicroenterpriseswhotakeupmorethan70%ofthetotalcompanies,can’tgetsupportofthecommercialbanks,becauseofinformationasymmetry,defaultriskandhighcostperunit.Thiskindofphenomenonisnotconducivetotheexpansionofcommercialbanksandcustomerstoexpand,andalsoisunfavorabletointernalfinancialsystemtoachievetheoptimalallocationofresources.ThisphenomenoncanbeexplainedwiththetheoryofCreditRationing.Commercialbanksimplementcreditrationingtosmallmicroenterpriseisthephenomenaoftheendogenousfinancialsystem,isformedbythegameresultbetweenthetwosidescongenitallydeficient,ifnottheexternalforceinvolved.Anditisnormthatcommercialbanksimplementcreditrationingtosmallmicroenterprise.Thisistheinternalcauseforcommercialbankstoimprovethesmallmicroenterprisecreditmanagement.Inrecentyears,drivenbythebigdata,cloudcomputing,mobileinternet,instantmessaging,socialmediaandsoon,internetfinancialemergedinourcountry,andquicklypenetratedintoeveryaspectofeconomicandsociallife.SmallmicroenterprisesbecomethegreatestbeneficiariesofInternetfinancial,whoactasthevulnerablegroupsoffinancing.ThegenerationandriseoftheInternetfinancehasbroughtthenewthinkingandnewopportunities,althoughitalsohasformedacertainimpactontheassetandliabilitybusinessofcommercialbanks.CommercialbankscandrawlessonsfromthepracticeofInternetfinancialexperience,orcooperatewiththeInternetfinancialenterprises,improvesmallmicroenterprisecreditmanagementactivelyfromtheaspectsofinformation,cost,riskcontrol,efficiencyandsoon.Andthisistheexternalcauseforcommercialbankstoimprovethesmallmicroenterprisecreditmanagement.Basedontheaboverealisticbackground,thepaperfocusesonthestudyofstrategiesforcommercialbankstoimprovethesmallmicroenterprisecreditmanagementbystudyingtheconceptsandpracticesofinternetfinancial.Inthisarticle,wecanfindtheanalysisofmotivationforcommercialbankstoimprovethesmallmicroenterprisecreditmanagement.Andtheauthorusestheprocessandresultsofthetripartitegamemodelofcommercialbanks,Internetfinancialenterprisesandsmallandmicrobusinessesasthemainline,andfindstheoptimalstrategyofthethreepartiesinequilibrium:internetfinancialenterprisesactivelyseekcooperationwithcommercialbanks,commercialbanksimprovesmallmicroenterprisecreditmanagementaccordingtothepracticeofinternetfinance,andsmallmicroenterpriseschoosetogetfinancingfromcommercialbanks.Meanwhile,byusingforreferencesuccessfulexperiencehomeandabroadofcommercialbanksmallmicroenterprisecreditmanagementunderthebackgroundoftheinternetfinance,theregulationsandoperationimprovementofcommercialbanksmallmicroenterprisecreditmanagementareexplored.Intheaspectofrulesandsystem,thecoredesigninthispaperisthatsmallandmicrobusinessesusedifferentlevelsoffinancingproductsaccordingtothecreditrating.Andthecommercialbanksconstructnetworkplatformtorealizeonlineservicesandriskcontrolmanagement.Intheaspectofoperation,theauthordesignsafewstrategies,likeusingdoubleinformationchannelstoruleoutfalseinformation,themulti-levelcreditratingindexsystem,businessownercreditscoringmodel,etc.Thedesignsofrulesandoperationhelptoeasetheinformationasymmetrybetweenthebanksandmicroandsmallenterprises.Andthedesignsaregoodforbankstotransferhighrisk,reducecostandimprovetheIVefficiency,whichenhancesthethecompetitivenessofsmallmicrofinancialbusinessofcommercialbanks.Keywords:CommercialBank,InternetFinance,SmallandMicroEnterprises,CreditManagement,TrilateralGameV目录内容摘要.........................................................IAbstract.......................................................III第1章导论.....................................................11.1问题的提出...........................................................11.1.1互联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