搜索
3.BeowulfistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlanguage.4.ChaucercomposedalongnarrativepoemnamedTroilusandGressiebasedonBoccaccio’spoemFilostrato.6.TheCanterburyTalescontainsthegeneralprologueand24hours,twoofwhichleftunfinished.7.ChauceremployedtheheroiccoupletinwritinghisgreatestworkTheCanterburyTales.8.__Romance___isthemostprevailingliteraryformintheMiddleAge.1.WhataretheChaucer’scontributionstoEnglishliterature?①Chaucer,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentstothereadersacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeanddescribesaseriesofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflifeinTheCanterburyTales.②ChaucerintroducesfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoEnglishpoetrytoreplacetheoldEnglishalliterativeverse.Heisthefirsttousetherhymedcoupletsofiambicpentameter,whichistobecalledtheheroiccouplet.③Chauceraffirmsmen’sandwomen’srighttopursueearthlyhappinessandopposedasceticism(avoidingphysicalpleasuresandcomforts).Hepraisesman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflifeandheexposesandsatirizesthesocialvices,includingthecorruptionoftheChurch.④ChauceristhefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthecurrentEnglish.HisproductionofsomuchexcellentpoetryisanimportantfactorinestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.ChaucerusesLondondialectinhiswritingsandthecontributestomakingitthefoundationformodernEnglishspeech.2.WhataretheessentialfeaturesofromanceinthemedievalEnglishliterature?TheromancewastheprevailingformofliteratureintheMiddleAges.Itwasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero,Itsessentialfeaturesare:①.itlacksgeneralresemblancetotruthorreality.②Itexaggeratesthevicesofhumannatureandidealizesthevirtues.③.Itcontainsperilousadventuresmoreorlessremotefromordinarylife.④.Itlaysemphasisonsupremedevotiontoafairlady.⑤.Thecentralcharacteroftheromanceistheknight,amanofnoblebirthskilledintheuseofweapons.Heiscommonlydescribedasridingforthtoseekadventures,takingpartintournaments,orfightingforhislordinbattle.Heisdevotedtothechurchandtheking.4.WhatisthesignificanceofTheCanterburyTales?①InhismasterpieceTheCanterburyTales,Chaucergivesusafaithfulpictureofthesocietyofhistime,②Takingthestandardoftherisingbourgeoisie,heaffirmsmenandopposesthedogmaofasceticismpreachedbytheChurch.③Asaforerunnerofhumanism,hepraiseman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife.Histalesexposeandsatirizetheevilsofhistime.Theyattackthedegenerationofthenoble,theheartlessnessofthejudge,andthecorruptionoftheChurch.ThefirsttopresentacomprehensiveandrealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.4.Bacon’sstylehasthreeprominentqualities:__directness_,__terseness_and__forcefulness.5.Hamlet,Othello,Kingand__Macbeth___aregenerallyregardedasShakespeare’sfourgreattragedies.6.___Humanism_istheessenceoftheRenaissance.※1.Sonnet:Alyricpoemconsistingofasinglestanzaoffourteeniambicpentameterlineslinkedbyanintricaterhymescheme.TherearetwomajorpatternsofrhymeinsonnetswrittenintheEnglishlanguage:(1)TheItalianorPetrarchansonnetfallsintotwomainparts:anoctaverhymingabbaabbafollowedbyasestetrhymingcdecdeorsomevariant,suchascdccdc.(2)TheEarlofSurreyandotherEnglishexperimentersinthe16thcenturyalsodevelopedastanzaformcalledtheEnglishsonnet,orelsetheShakespeareansonnet.Thissonnetfallsintothreequatrainsandaconcludingcouplet:ababcdcdefefgg.Therewasonenotablevariant,theSpenseriansonnet,inwhichEdmundSpenserlinkedeachquatraintothenextbyacontinuingrhyme:ababbcbccdcdee.2.EnglishRenaissance:TheRenaissancereferstothetransitionalperiodfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ItfirststartedinItalyinthe14thcentury.TheRenaissancemeansrebirthorrevival.Itwasstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekclassics,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology,thereligiousreformation,andtheeconomicexpansion.HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance.TheEnglishRenaissancedidnotbeginuntilthereignofHenryVIII.ItwasregardedasEngland’sGoldenAge,especiallyinliterature.TherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandrama.ThisperiodproducedsuchliterarygiantsasShakespeare,Spenser,Marlowe,Bacon,etc.5.GiveabriefanalysisofShylock,acharacterinShakespeare’splay,TheMerchantofVenice.ShylockisaJewishusurer,andheisatragic-comiccharacterintheplay.①Heiscomicbecausehefinallybecomestheonepunishedbyhisownevildeed.Heisatypicalmerchanttobemadefunof.Heisavaricious.Heaccumulatesasmuchwealthashecanandheevenequateshislostdaughterwithhislostmoney.Heisalsocruel.Inordertorevenge,hewouldratherclaimapoundoffleshfromhisenemyAntoniothangetbackhisloan.②Ontheotherhand,Shylockisalsoatragicfigure.Heisthevictimofthesociety.HeisaJew.Asaminornationality,heisnottreatedequallybythesociety.Thelawisharshtohim.Hehastomakeasmuchmoneyashecaninordertoprotecthimself.HeisabusedbyAntonio,andtherefore,hewantstogetrevenge.3.In1637MiltonwrotethefinestpastoralelegyinEnglish,____Lycidas_,tomemorizethetragicdeathofaCambridgefriend.4.__JohnBunyan_wrotehismasterpiece_Pilgrim’sProgress__duringhissecondimpr