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1湖北省随州市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练（3）（答案或解析）Dogtrainingisabusinessforsomepeople,aserioushobbyforothers,andaonceinalifetimeexperienceformany.Individualsinallofthesecategorieswouldprobablyagreethatconsistency(一致性)isakeyelementofsuccessfromthebeginning.Ifpuppiesaretobesocialized,theymustlearntocontroltheimpulsetousethecarpetasabathroom,chewshoes,andnipatfingers.Thefirstissue,bathroomtrainingismoreeasilyaccomplishedinwarmweather.Trytofeedyourpupoutdoors,andafterhehasfinishedeating,takehimtoaspotwhereyouwouldlikehimtoeliminate.Ifhecooperates,praisehimgenerouslywithwordsandpats.Takehimtothesamespotaftereachmeal,andeventuallyhewillfollowthisroutinehimself.Thesightofasmallpuppychewingthroughanewtennisshoewillmakeyoudowelltoremovethestolenshoefromthepup’smouthandfirmlysay“no！”.Provideyourpupwithsomeacceptabletoys,suchasaballorachewtoy.Untilyourpupiswelltrainedandtrustworthy,don’tleavehimunattendedunlessheislimitedtoasmallarea.Whenheisyoung,youwanttobesuresomeonewillpraiseyourpupfordesiredbehaviorandexpressdisapprovalwhenhedoessomethingyouwanttodiscourage.Youwillwantyourdogtolearntorespondtothecommands“Come”，“Sit”，and“Stay”.Again,consistencyandpraisewillhelpyouachievethisgoal.Eachtimethedogrespondsasyouwish,praisehim.Wheneverheignoresyourcommand,makehimdowhatyoucommandedandthenpraisehim.Negativebehaviormustbeattendedtoalso.Youcandisciplinemostdogswithouthittingthem.Sincetheyareusuallyanxioustoplease,mostdogsaredutypunishedbycruelwordsandtoneofvoice.Remembertobeconsistentsoyourdogknowsunquestioninglywhatisacceptablebehavior.Althoughthefirststagesofdogtrainingrequiregreatdealoftimeandpatience,therewardofasocializedandobedientdogiswellworththeeffort.1．Dogtrainingisappropriatelyattemptedby______.A.professionalsB.hobbyistsC.zoologistsD.anyone22．Whatisnegativebehaviorbesthandledby?A.Aslaponthenose.B.Tyingthedogup.C.Afirmtoneofvoice.D.Starvingthedog.3．ThearticledealswithallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.chewingproblemsB.barkingatstrangersC.bathroomtrainingD.respondingtocommands4．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TipsonTrainingYourDogB.AGoodPuppyC.ASix－weekProgramtoTrainYourDogD.LeaveDogTrainingtotheProfessionals文章就如何驯狗进行说明。1．D。推理判断题。通读全文可知：只要你坚持，任何人都能驯狗，因此D项正确。2．C。细节理解题。由文章的倒数第二自然段中的“...,mostdogsaredutypunishedbycruelwordsandtoneofvoice.”可知C项为正确答案。3．B。推理判断题。通读短文可知：文章中并未涉及驯狗向陌生人吠叫的内容，故本题应选B。4．A。主旨大意题。本文主要话题是说如何驯狗，因此A项为正确答案。******************************************************结束（辽宁卷）3**************************************************************结束【重庆八中】第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：每行都有一个错误。Iwasahonestchildindeed．Ididn’tdaretotelllies76．becauseofmyeyesoftenletthesecretout．Iremembered77．tellingalietomyparents,andIcouldhardfixmyeyeson78．myfather’sface,letalonemymothereyes．Iglanced79．hereandthere,upordown,nervously．80．4However,afterIcametoBeijing,Inolongerhaveto81．worrymyeyesbecauseeverythingIwantedtosay82．wassentbyletter．Ifoundmyselfoftentellsmalllies．I83．wrote,“I’mfineinBeijing．Ienjoythefoodsellingatthe84．university．Andattheweekends,Ioftenbuyfriedchickens85．orporktoeat．”短文改错:76．a改为an77．删去of78．hard改为hardly79．mother改为mother’s80．or改为and81．have改为had82．my前加about83．tell改为telling84．selling改为sold85．chickens改为chicken*****************************************************结束（2012江苏卷）Medicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger(引发)thisrelease,includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear-infraredlight(NIR,近红外线)onthedruginthecapsule.Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn'tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbcitherultraviolet(UV,紫外线)orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges.5ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIR-absorbinggroupcalledo-nitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyaso-soNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer.SoAlmutairiandhercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat'sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反应的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afte