新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程3课后习题答案完整版UNIT-8

ListenandRespondTaskOneFocusingontheMainIdeasChoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.1)Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaretravelingabroadaccordingtothespeaker?A)Gettoknowaboutthemannersoftheforeigncountry.B)Trytorememberyourownmanners.C)Readsomebooksaboutthemannersofthatcountry.D)Observecloselytheforeigners’manners.2)HowdoAmericansfeelwhenChinesepointtothenosetoindicate“me”?A)Theythinkitstrange.B)Theyfeelitfunny.C)Theyfinditamazing.D)Theyfeelpuzzled.3)Whoneverbotherstousetwohandstogiveorreceiveagift?A)Chinese.B)Bulgarians.C)Indians.D)Americans.4)ToIndians,whatisthelefthandusedfor?A)Servingdishes.B)Passingfoodattable.C)Washingthemselves.D)Showingdisagreement.5)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A)Itisnecessarytoadapttodifferentcultures.B)Culturalmisunderstandingiscommontoday.C)Culturaldifferencesareaworthytopictostudy.D)Peopleofdifferentculturesmayhavedifferentmanners.TaskTwoZoomingInontheDetailsListentotherecordingagainandfillintheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.1)WhenChinesestamptheirfeettoshowanger,Americansinterpretthisasshowingimpatience.Chineseclapforthemselvesafteraspeech.Americansmayseethisasbeingimmodest.2)Americansmaypatotheradultsontheheadtoshowsympathy,affection,orencouragement.ThisbehaviorcouldinsultChinese.3)AvisitortoIndiawoulddowelltorememberthatpeopletherethinkitimpolitetousethelefthandforpassingfoodattable.4)AlsoinIndia,youmightseeamanapparentlyshakinghisheadattheothertoshowthatheisdisagreeing.ButinmanyotherpartsofIndiaarotatingmovementoftheheadistoshowagreement.5)InEuropeitisquiteusualtocrossyourlegswhilesittingandtalkingtosomeone,evenatanimportantmeeting.ButdoingthiscouldcauseoffencetoaThailander.ReadandExploreTaskOneDiscoveringtheMainIdeas1AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextA.1)Whatcausescultureshockaccordingtotheauthor?Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingthefamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.Thesesignsandsymbolsincludeallthecountlesswaysandmeansweresorttofordailysurvival.2)Howdoesanindividualfeelwhenheorsheentersastrangeculture?Likeafishoutofwater,heorshefeelsfrustratedandanxious.3)Howdopeoplereacttothefrustrationandanxietycausedbycultureshock?Atfirsttheymayrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesthediscomfort,thinkingthatthewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakethemfeelbad.Andthentheymayenteranotherphaseofcultureshock,whichiscalled“regression”.Theystartmissingtheirhomecountryandthehomeenvironmentsuddenlyassumesatremendousimportance.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsbackhomeareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsareremembered.4)Whatistherelationshipbetweencultureandtheindividual?Theindividuallivesnotonlyinaphysicalenvironmentbutalsoinaculturalenvironment.Theindividualmustlearnthecultureheorsheisbornintobecauseheorsheisnotbornwithculturebutonlywiththecapacitytolearnitanduseit.Oncelearned,culturebecomesawayoflife.5)Whatisethnocentrismandwhatcharacterizesit?Ethnocentrismisabeliefthatnotonlytheculturebuttheraceandthenationformthecenteroftheworld.Peoplewiththisattitudeidentifythemselveswiththeirowngrouptotheextentthatanycriticalcommentistakenasaremarkthatisrudetotheindividualaswellastotheraceorthenation.Alongwiththisattitudegoesthetendencytoattributeallindividualpeculiaritiesasnationalcharacteristics.6)Whatcanwedotogetovercultureshockasquicklyaspossible?Togetovercultureshockasquicklyaspossible,wehavetogettoknowthepeopleofthehostcountry.Forthispurpose,wemust,firstofall,learnitslanguage.Whenweareabletotalkwiththenativesofthehostcountry,wewillbeconfidentandawholenewworldofculturalmeaningswillopenupforus.Then,wemusttrytofindoutthevalueandinterestpatternofthenativepeople.Inthisway,wecanfinditquiteeasytogetpeopletotalktousandbeinterestedinus.Thirdly,wecanjointheactivitiesofthepeople,whetheritisacarnival,areligiousritual,orsomeeconomicactivity.2TextAcanbedividedintothreepartswiththeparagraphnumber(s)ofeachpartprovidedasfollows.Writedownthemainideaofeachpart.PartParagraph(s)MainIdeaOne1–3Wemightcallcultureshockadiseasewhichiscausedbythefrustrationandanxietyresultingfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.Two4–6Cultureshockisduetoourownlackofunderstandingofotherpeople’sculturalbackgroundandourlackofthemeansofcommunicationratherthanthehostilityofanalienenvironment.Three7–9Togetovercultureshock,weshouldgettoknowthepeopleofthehostcountryandtheirlanguage;weshouldfindoutwhattheydo,howtheydoit,andwhattheirinterestsare,etc.Butunderstandingthewaysofapeopledoesnotmeanthatwehavetogiveupourown.TaskTwoReadingBetweentheLinesReadthefollowingsentencescarefullyanddiscussinpairswhattheauthorintendstosaybytheitalicisedparts.1.Wemightalmostcallcultureshockanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.(Para.1)Peopleworkingunderthesameconditionsmaycontractoccupationaldiseasesowingtothedangersassociatedwiththework.Morebroadlyandfiguratively,ashere,thephrase“occupationaldisease”canbeappliedtotheunpleasantconsequencesassociatedwithanyactivity.2.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsof