外语教学理论基础

2019/12/24ThetheoreticalbasisofforeignlanguageteachingEnglish092李章群09050201732019/12/24ThetheoreticalbasisTheessentialtheoryoflangugeTheoriesoflanguagelearningThemodeloflanguagelearningRelateddisciplinetheory2019/12/244.1Theessentialtheoryoflanguage1)ThelanguageviewpointofStructuralist2)Thelanguageviewpointoffunctionalism2019/12/24Structuralism•Structuralisttheoryisabranchofcognitivepsychology.Thetheorythinksthatlanguageisaninternalrelativelyindependentself-sufficientsymbolsystem.Saussurearguedthatlinguisticsignswerecomposedoftwoparts:signifierandsignified,whichmeansrespectivelythesoundpatternofawordandtheconceptormeaningoftheword.5AmeiricanStructuralismBritishStructuralismstructuralism2019/12/24AmericanStructuralismThetheoryformedbasedontheinvestigationoftheAmericanIndianorallanguage.ItEmphasizesthesystematicstructureofalanguageandfoucusonthedescriptionofthestructure.Itadvocatesthatlanguageisasystemwhichputthesignificanceintocode2019/12/24ThecharacteristicsofAmeiricanStructuralism1)Itemphasizestheoralandsynchronicdescription2)Itfocusontheformalanalysisbutmeaning3)Instructuredanalysis,mainlyresearchthedistributionandtheusageofalternativemethods4)Adoptthedirectcomponentanalysis5)EstablishMorphophonemics2019/12/24BritishStructuralismThetheorymainlyresearchtheSentenceStructure,foucusingonparaphrasing.TheyanalyzeandsummarizethemainEnglishgrammarstructureandputitdowntosomesentencepatterns2019/12/24Hornbyandhisworks•GuidetopatternsandusageinEnglish,1975.Inthebook,Hornbyputtheverb,nounandadjective'spatternsintotwenty-five,fiveandthreekindsrespectively.•AdvancedLearner'sDictionaryofCurrentEnglish,1953•OxfordAdvancedLearner'sDictionaryofCurrentEnglish,3rded.,1974&4thed.19892019/12/24Examplesofparaphrasing•ThesentenceMostpepoleconsiderdhimtobeinnocentcanbeparaphrasedintoMostpepoleconsiderdthathewasinnocent.•TheflowercostmefiftypenceTheflowerarefiftypence2019/12/24B.Malinowski（马林诺夫斯基），Faiz（费斯）andM.Halliday(韩礼德)•ThethreepepolearetherepresentativesoftheBritishStructuralism.B.malinowskiusescontextofsituationtorefertothenaturalenvironmentoflanguageactivities•Faiz,inheritingB.malinowski'sidea,Summarizesthethreecharacteristicsofit.•InM.halliday'seyes,thedescriptionofthelanguageshouldbeonthefollowingthreeaspects,namelysubstance,formandcontext.12ThecharacteristicofthecontextofsituationParticipants'relatedcharacteristics,namelyverbalandnon-verbalbehaviorRelatedpurposeTheeffectoflanguagebehavior2019/12/24NoamChomskyandhisTransformationalGenerativeGrammar1)Likeotherbehavior,languageisakindofbehavioranddominatedbytherules.Regularityandcreativityarethetwoimportantcharacteristicsoflanguage2)HeputforwardthetheoryofSentence'sdoublestructure.Thesentenceisdividedintosurfacestructureanddeepstructure.ThegeneratingprocessofLanguageistheconversionfromdeepstructuretosurfacestructure.2019/12/24LanguageAcquisitionTheoryConcept:Theinfantwasbornwiththelanguageacquisitiondevice.Thenaturalattributeiscalleduniversalgrammer,whichmadeupbyprinciplesandparameters.Effect:Althoughtheobjectischildren,thetheoryalsocontributestotheforeignlanguagelearning.2019/12/24Thelanguageviewpointoffunctionalism•SomescholarsregardlanguageasasocialphenomenonwiththebasicfunctionofCommunicationandexchangeideas.•M.Halliday,Thomas,M.Canale&M.SwainandAustinarethemostfamousrepresentativesinthefield.2019/12/24M.Halliday'sdiscussaboutthefunctionoflanguageMicroFunctions:theinstructionalfunction,theregulatoryfunction,theinteractionalfunction,thepersonalfunction,theheuristicfunctionandtheimaginativefunctionmacro-functions:theideationalfunction,theinterpersonalfunctionandthetextualfunction2019/12/24Thomas'scommunicativecompetencetheoryThecommunicativecompetencecontainsthefollowingaspects:1)Canidentifyandorganizatethesentencesinrightgrammar2)Canjudgethefeasibilityofthelanguage3)Canuselanguageappropriately4)Knowwhethersomesentencescanbespokenoutinfact2019/12/24M.Canale&M.Swain'sanalysisaboutcommunicativecompetence1)Grammaticalcompetence:haveagoodknowledgeatthephonetics,grammarandvocabulary2)Socialinguisticcompetence:usedifferentwordstoachievedifferentpurposes3)Discoursecompetence:knowtherelationshipbetweensentencesandthemeaningofsentences4）Strategiccompetence:knowhowtocontroltheconversation2019/12/24Austin'sspeechacttheoryConstatives:thesentensesthatcanbeverifiedintotherightandwrongsentensesPerformatives:thesentensesthatcanenforcebehavior2019/12/244.2Theoriesoflanguagelearning•Asarepresentativeoftheearlystage,J.B.Watsonadvocatedusingobjectivemethodsresearchthedirectlyobservedbehavior•Heputforwardbehaviorismpsychologyformula:S-R,stimulus-response1、Behaviorism2019/12/24ThemodelofBehaviorismstudystimulusorganismresponsebehaviorreinforcement(behaviornoreinforcement(behaviornotlikelylikelytooccuragaintooccuragain)andbecomeahabit)2019/12/242、InnatismConcept:Itisaphilosophicaldoctrineholdingthatthemindisbornwithideas/knowledgenota'blankslate'atbirth.Itassertsthatnotallknowledgeisobtainedfromexperienceandthesenses.Nativelanguageacquisitionprocess:languageinputuniversalgrammarSpecificlanguage