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1模块十第二单元讲解和练习［课本链接］一、词汇mobility,edition,seasonal,pension,changeable,retirement,ambulance,homeowner,walk-in,bathtub,seagull,Oceania,rent,partner,accountant,database,clerk,allowance,brunch,buffet,headline,numb,physicist,botany,biochemistry,lawyer,adjustment,skateboard,astronomer,bakery,currency,exchange,returnee,preferential,sponsorship,wander,submit,roundabout,collision,hearing,citizenship,suspect二、词组、习语onthemove,accountfor,one’sownfleshandblood,gobowling,takeadvantageof,wordofmouth,makeuseof,havesomethingincommon,submitto,invain,inrags,fortunetelling,taketo,interror,inlargenumbers,compensatefor,votefor,avarietyof,caterto,bedesignedfor,makefor,relyon,rideaskateboard,inpart,wipeout,haveprejudiceagainst,arayoflight三、语法：段落的要素★主题句：一般来说，每个段落都有一个要点，这表现在一个主题句中，它常常说明这个段落的主要信息。但并不是所有段落都有主题句的，这主要是因为这一段落仍然在叙述前一个段落的主题内容。主题句通常是每个段落的首句。然而，在一些论文、故事或文章的第一段里，主题句又常常出现在一个问题或一个引用语或一个有趣的事实后面。这主要是为了吸引读者的注意力。★论据：主题句后常跟有用以解释或证明其观点内容的句子，即论据。如：Fordecades,Floridahasbeenattractingolderresidents(主题句).Infact,accordingtothenationalpopulationsurveyconductedin2000,Floridawashometothelargestpopulationofpeopleaged65andolder(论据).每段的所有句子应当按顺序列出，这样才有意义。通常我们会用过渡词来连接上下句。如：forexample,forinstance,furthermore,first,second,third,ontheotherhand,however,also等。★结论句：一个段落的结尾常用一种新的方式重复本段落的主题。我们会用结论句来表达最终的观点或帮助介绍下一段落的主题。如：AcrosstheUSA,peoplearenoticingthesamething:youngpeoplewanttoliveincities.［词语讲解］1.headvi.(1)朝---行进（与for,towards,across连用）TheshipwasheadingforShanghai.船正开往上海。It’sabouttimewewereheadinghome.我们该动身回家了。(2)负责,主管AdelegationheadedbyformerPresidentJimmyCarterarevisitingChinanow.一个以前总统吉米·卡特为首的代表团正在中国访问。(3)位于---首位，在---中名列第一ThemovieheadsthelistofOscarnominations.这部影片在奥斯卡提名影片中名列首位。(4)位于队伍之首，带领TheprocessionwasheadedbyMartinLutherKing.游行队伍由马丁·路德金带领的。n.keepone’shead保持头脑冷静beoutofone’shead发疯，精神错乱2loseone’shead慌神，失去自制，惊惶失措useyourhead认真思考，动脑筋3.exchangen.(1)交换，互换Negotiatorsareconsideringtheexchangeoflandforpeace.谈判者们正考虑以土地换和平共。2)短时间的交谈heatedexchange激烈的争吵TheDJwasfiredafteraheatedexchangeonairwithacall-inlistener.在播送节目时和一名打进电话的听众大吵一顿之后，那个音乐节目主持人被解雇了。(3)(货币的)兑换Mostcapitalcitieshaveextensiveexchangefacilities.大部分首都城市都有大量的外汇兑换设备。inexchangefor以----作为交换I’veofferedtopaintthekitcheninexchangeforaweek’saccommodation.我提出愿意粉刷厨房，条件是让我免费住宿一周。vt.(1)交易，交换Attheendofthegameplayerstraditionallyexchangeshirtswitheachother.按照传统，比赛结束时两队球员互换球衣。(2)调换Heexchangedtheblackjacketforablueone.他把黑色夹克换成了蓝色。(3)相互做（某事）SallyandIexchangeamusedglanceswhenweheardthis.听到这话时，我与萨莉开心地交换了下眼色。UntilthiseveningIhadneversomuchasexchangedawordwithhim.在今晚之前，我甚至连一句话都未跟他说过。exchangeinformation/ideas交流信息/想法exchangehouses交换住所exchangerate汇率，兑换率4.submitvi.（1）服从；屈服Iwasunwillingtosubmittohisordersandoftenpunishedbydoingwashingup.我当时不愿意服从他的命令而经常被罚洗碗。Sherefusedtosubmittothreats.（=givein）他面对威胁拒不低头。（2）提出，提交AllapplicationsforjobsmustbesubmittedbyMonday.所有的求职申请必须在星期一之前呈交。（3）提议，主张，建议Isubmitthatthejuryhasbeeninfluencedbythepublicityinthiscase.我认为陪审团在这个案件里受到宣传报道的影响。(4)submissionn.屈服，投降beatsb/forceintosubmission打得/强迫某人屈服submissiveadj.顺从的；驯服的；听话的Shefollowedhimlikeasubmissivechild.她对他百依百顺，像个听话的孩35.votev.(1)投票；表决；选举Didyouvotefororagainsther?你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？InBritainandtheUSA,peoplehavetherighttovoteat18.在美国和英国，国民18岁开始有选举权。（2）选出，推举（某人担任某职务）Hewasvotedthemostpromisingnewdirector.他当选为最有前途的新导演。(3)voteon就….投票/选举Thedirectorshavevotedonpayincrease.董事们就是否增加工资进行了投票。(4)votesomebodyin投票选某人任职votesomebodyoutof/off投票免去某人职务votesththrough投票通过在下面的句子中填上适当的词：a.Anewchairmanwasvoted_____b.Withpolicieslikethat,he'llbevoted____inthenextelection.c.Aproposaltomerge（合并）thetwocompanieswasvoted_____yesterday.Keys:a.inb.outc.through(5)n.选票，票Therewere1678votesforand32againstthedraft,with5abstentions.这项草案有1678人赞成，32人反对，5人弃权。putsomethingtothe/avote(=decidesomethingbyvoting)通过投票决定Let'sputittothevote.Allthoseinfavorraiseyourhandstake/haveavote(onsomething)对……进行表决Let’shaveavoteontheissue..咱们就这个问题进行表决。6.account(1)n.描述，叙述；银行帐户tohaveanaccountatabank在银行有帐户putmoneyintoone’sbankaccount把钱存入银行帐户Shegavethepoliceafullaccountoftheincident.她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。（2）accountfor是……说明（或原因）；（数量上比例上）占Thepoorweathermayhaveaccountedforthesmallcrowd.天气不好可能是人来得少的原因。Olderpeopleaccountedfornearly18percentofthestate’spopulation.老年人口占了这个州人口的近18%。takesthintoaccount/takeaccountofsth.考虑/顾及某事Wehavetotakeeverypossibilityintoaccountwhendrawinguptheplan.草拟这份计划时，我们必须考虑每一种可能性。onaccountof(=becauseof)由于，因为Sheretiredearlyonaccountofpoorhealth.她体弱多病，所以提前退了休。ofnoaccount不重要onnoaccount决不；绝对不onthis/thataccount由于这个/那个缘故7.showoff炫耀，卖弄，表现4Hecouldn'tresistshowingoffonthetenniscourtHelikestoshowoffhowwellhespeaksFrench.他喜欢向人展示他法语讲得有多好。(1)showup如约赶到，出现，露面Susanshowedup,apologizingforbeinglate.苏珊赶到了，并因迟到表示道歉。(2)showsbaroundWewereshownaroundtheschoolcampusbyoneofthestudents.我们有一名学生带领参观了校园。(3)showthrough（从某物中）透出，显露Whenshespoke,herbitternessshowedthrough.她说话时流露出了内心的辛酸。showsbin领某人进来showsbout领某人出去showtheway示范showsbthedoor要某人离开，下逐客令8.advantage(1)takeadvantageofsb/sth利用；欺骗，占……便宜Ifyouappeartobeeasyandsoft,peopletakeadvantageofyou.如果你显得简单软弱，别人就会欺骗你。Shetookadvantageofthechildren’sabsencetotidytheirrooms.他趁孩子们不在时收拾了他们的房间（2）haveanadvanta