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牛津高中英语1—8模块重点词汇讲解（一）1.inform(P16,M1):WeregrettoinformyouthatourlibrarywillbeclosednextWednesday,ThursdayandFridayforthesportsmeeting.informUsage1:inform+obj.+(that)/wh-e.g.:(1)IinformedhimthatIwouldnotbeabletoattendthemeeting.我告诉他说我不能参加会议了。(2)Couldyoupleaseinformmehowtogoaboutcontactingalawyer?你能告诉我如何联系一位律师吗？Usage2:inform+obj+(of/about)e.g.:(1)Iwasn’tinformedofthedecisionuntiltoolate.等我得到通知时已经太晚了。(2)Whywasn’tIinformed?为什么没有人告诉我？扩展：keep+sb.+informedofsth.让某人了解某事的发展动态e.g.:TheyarekeptinformedofthedevelopmentofIT.他们一直了解信息工业的发展动态。_________whatishappeninginhisowncountry,hewatchesTVandreadsnewspaperseveryday.A.ToinformB.InformingofC.TobeinformedofD.Havinginformedof☆扩展：information【U】informativeadj.增长见识的，增益的；有教育性的e.g.:ChildrenshouldbeencouragedtowatchmoreinformativeTVprograms.2.approve(P18,M1):Heapprovedtheidea,andtwoyearslaterIamtheoldeststudentmemberoftheradioclub.approveUsage1:vt.,toagreeofficiallyto批准；通过；认可e.g.:(1)Thecitycouncilapprovedthebuildingplans.市议会批准了这些建筑计划。(2)Theequipmentmustbeboughtfromasupplierapprovedbythecompany.设备必须从公司认可的供应商那里购买。Usage2:vi.(of),赞成，同意，支持e.g.:(1)Idon’tapproveofsmokinginbed.我不赞成在床上吸烟。(2)Youcanjointheclassifyourmotherapproves.如果你母亲同意的话，你可以加入这个班级。扩展：approval【U】e.g.:(1)Ihopethatthearrangementswillmeetwithyourapproval.我希望这些安排能够得到你的赞同。(2)Wecan’tstartbuildingwithoutthecouncil’sapproval.未经委员会批准，我们不能动工。其反义词:disapproval3.require(P18,M1):WhenIattendedthefirstmeeting,IwasrequiredtowriteapoemandIhadtoreaditouttothegroup.requireUsage1:require+obj.+to-v.要求；命令e.g.:Allpassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets.所有乘客都被要求出示车票。Usage2:require+that…要求；命令e.g.:Theregulationsrequirethatallstudentsshallattendatleast90%ofthelectures.规定要求所有学生的听课率至少要达到90%.Usage3:requiresth.ofsb.要求；命令e.g.:Silenceisrequiredofallexaminationcandidates.应试者都要保持安静。Usage4:requiresth./doingsth./that…需要e.g.:(1)Thissuggestionwillrequirecarefulthought.这建议需要仔细考虑。(2)Tocarryoutthisplanwouldrequireincreasingourstaffby50%执行这计划需要增加50%的人员。(5)Theurgencyofthesituationrequiresthatwe(should)makeanimmediatedecision.形势紧急，需要我们立刻做出决定。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,demand,request,ask等动词常与虚拟语气连用的动词e.g.:(1)Theexpertinsistedthatthedam(should)notbebuiltovertheriver.专家坚持要求这条河道上不能建设堤坝。(2)Canyousuggesthowwe(should)doit?该如何做这件事，你能给点建议吗？(3)Itisaskedthatthey(should)beallowedtoleave.有人请求准许他们离开。(4)Itisadvisedthatwe(should)takemorevegetablesandfruits.有人建议我们多吃蔬菜和水果。order,command,suggestion,advice,proposal,idea,requirement等名词常与虚拟语气连用的名词e.g.:(1)Theproposalthatthehospitalshouldbeclosedwasrejectedbyalargemajority.关闭医院的提议遭到大多数人的拒绝。(2)Myideaisthatweshouldwaitforanotherhour.我的想法是我们应该再等一个小时。e.g.:(1)Thelatestfiguressuggestthatbusinessisimproving.最新的数据表明生意正在好转。特别提醒:suggest和insist(2)Hestillinsiststhathewasnotthereatthattime.他还坚持说当时自己不在场。扩展：其名词requirement:sth.thatisneededorthatisdemandedasnecessary必需品；要求之物requiremente.g.:(1)Therefugees’mainrequirementsarefoodandshelter.难民们的主要需要是食物和住所。(2)Canthiscomputerhandletherequirementsofthewagesdepartment?这台计算机能够处理工资部门的需要吗？(3)CandidateswhofailtomeettheserequirementswillnotbeadmittedtotheUniversity.未能满足要求的应考生不能上这所大学。4.spare(P38,M1):ThenwhenIhavesomesparetimeandwanttobealone,theycallmeselfishandunloving.spareUsage1:adj.,多余的，剩下的；备用的；空闲的e.g.:(1)asparetyre备用轮胎(2)Haveyougotasparemoment?I’dliketodiscuss.你有空吗？我有事与你商量。(2)Whatdoyoulikedoinginyoursparetime?你空闲的时候喜欢干什么？Usage2:vt.,（把多余不用的人或物）拨出，腾出，抽出，让给e.g.:(1)We’resobusythatnooneintheofficecanbesparedforanyotherwork.我们办公室里的人都很忙，腾不出任何人去干其他任何事。(2)Canyousparemefiveminutes?你能给我五分钟的时间吗？(3)--Haveyougotenough?--Yes;we’vegotenoughandtospare.--你们够吗？--够了，绰绰有余。Usage3:vt.,节约，节省，舍不得，爱惜（一般用于疑问句和否定句）e.g.:(1)Notroublewassparedtomakesuretheguestsenjoyedthemselves.为使宾客尽情欢乐而不遗余力。(2)Noexpensewassparedinprovidingthefoodandwine.为提供酒食而不惜成本。Usage4:spare+obj.(i)+obj.(d)使某人免受不受欢迎的事；省掉，免除（某人的需要或麻烦）e.g.:(1)Itwasahorribleaccident——I’llspareyouthedetails.事故很惨，我就不跟你讲细节了。(2)Usethetelephoneandspareyourselfavisit.打电话吧，免得跑一趟。5.search(P2,M2):PoliceinAmericahavesteppeduptheirsearchfora15yearoldboywhowentmissingtwodaysagoinDover.searchUsage1:noun,搜查，搜索；寻找e.g.:(1)Theypoliceconductedalongsearchforthelostchild.警察对那个失踪男孩进行了长久的搜索。(2)IwentoffinsearchofagaragewhereIcouldbuysomepetrol.我动身去寻找加油站，希望在那里可以买到汽油。Usage2:vi.,search(throughsp.forsth.)e.g.:(1)Hesearchedthroughhispocketsforacigarette.他翻遍口袋寻找香烟。(2)Scientistsarestillsearchingforacuretothecommoncold.科学家还在寻找治愈普通感冒的良方。(3)Shesearcheddesperatelyforsomereasontostay.她拼命寻找留下的理由。Usage3:vt.，searchsp./sb.(forsth.)e.g.:(1)Thepolicesearchedthesuspectbutfoundnoweapononhim.警察搜了嫌疑犯的身，但没有在他身上找到武器。(3)Theysearchedthewoodsforthelittleboy.他们搜查了小树林，寻找那个小男孩。(4)I’vesearchedmyconscienceandIstillthinkIdidtherightthing.我扪心自问过了，还是认为自己做得是对的。扩展:searchingadj.,sharpandthorough;anxioustodiscoverthetruthe.g.:Shegavemeasearchinglook,asifdoubtingwhatIsaid.她锐利地看着我，似乎在怀疑我所说的话。扩展：searchlight探照灯searchparty搜索队，救援队searchwarrant搜查令，搜查证convincing6.convincing(P3,M2):Wewillnotgiveupuntilwefindconvincingevidence.convincing令人信服的e.g.:You’renotaconvincingliar.你的谎言难以让人信服。convincesb.(ofsth./that…)使某人信服e.g.:(1)Imanagedtoconvincethemt