新课标第一网不用注册,免费下载!新课标第一网系列资料模块六语法—虚拟语气编写人:陈尚琢审核人:一、语气的定义和种类l、语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类:(1)陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如:Wearenotready.我们没准备好。Whatafinedayitis!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如:Openthedoor,please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:①IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你,我就学英语了。②Mayyousucceed!祝您成功!二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就用真实条件句。句中的谓语用陈述语气。如:Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则用虚拟条件句。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,通常主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式如下:从句动词形式主句动词形式与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式,should+动词原形,wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形注:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称。l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如:新课标第一网不用注册,免费下载!新课标第一网系列资料要是我哥哥在这儿,一切都没问题了。2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如:Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn't(couldn’t)havefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建议去做,你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如:①IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Iwouldgotoseemygrandmother.如果明天是星期天,我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。②Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪,他们将不出去了。4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如:Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了。5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式(1)省略连词if。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。例如:Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了,让他给我打电话。WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做这事。(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。如:①Withoutair(Iftherewerenotair),therewouldbenolivingthings.如果没有空气的话,就不会有生物了。②Butforyourhelp(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)Icouldn’thavedoneit.要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能完成这件事。③Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.我那天很忙,否则,我就和他们一起去那儿了。④Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.我本来该完成这项工作的,但我生病了。6、省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。(1)省去条件从句。如:Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如:If(Onlyif)mygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我祖母与我在一起多好啊!三、虚拟语气的其他用法l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:新课标第一网不用注册,免费下载!新课标第一网系列资料(strange,natural,necessary)that…(should)doItisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法:wish,suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desirethat…(should)do如:①IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道这个问题的答案。②Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止;③Idemandthathe(should)answermeimmediately.我要求他立刻答复。3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法①Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonethisoffice.即使生了病,他俩去办公室。②HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:It’s(high)timewedidourhomework.我们该做作业了。5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法①Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好别太晚睡觉。②Iwouldrathernottellyou.我宁愿不告诉你。③Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐!Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你顺利。巩固练习:新课标第一网1.Wedemandedthatwe_______ofanychangeintheplan.A.informedB.wouldbeinformedC.beinformedD.hadbeeninformed2.It’snecessarythathe_______arecognizedqualification.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.having3.It'shightimewe______ourattentiontothisproblem.A.turnedB.turnC.hadturnedD.wouldturn4.Ifonlyyou________himwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A.didn'ttoldB.hadn'ttoldC.wouldnottellD.wouldhavenottold5.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_______herethen.A.wouldhavebeenB.hadbeenC.shouldhavebeenD.couldbe6.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers_____before.A.hadinventedB.wereinventedC.shouldhavebeeninventedD.hadbeeninvented7._______ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.A.WeretheytoB.CouldtheyC.IftheyD.Wouldthey新课标第一网不用注册,免费下载!新课标第一网系列资料!Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortofthing.A.shouldn'thavewashedB.mustn'thavewashedC.cannothavewashedD.needn'thavewashed10.Jeandoesn'twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe______ajobsheprobablywouldn'tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegot11.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe________himself.A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.wouldinjure12.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios______after11o'clockatnight.A.werenotplayedB.nottoplayC.notbeplayedD.didnotplay13.Youdon'thavetobeinahurry.Iwouldratheryou______onbusinessfirst.A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone14.Itisimportantthatenoughmoney__________tofundtheproject.A.becollectedB.mustbecollectedC.wascollectedD.canbecollected15.Ifonlythecommittee_______theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.A.approveB.willapproveC.canapproveD.wouldapprove16.Idon'tthinkitadvisablethatTom____tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned17.You____herinherofficelastFriday;she'sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.A.needn'thaveseenB.musthaveseenC.mighthaveseenD.can'thaveseen18.Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe_______him.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned19.Itisrecommendedtha