1静脉留置针使用的横断面调查摘要:随着静脉治疗安全意识的逐步深入,外周静脉留置针作为传统输液工具头皮钢针的换代产品在临床广泛运用,已成为护理人员必备的临床技能。该项技术的应用效果与护士的留置针穿刺与维护技术密切相关,研究证实,不规范的护理是导致留置针并发症、留置针非正常中止及患者拒绝再次使用留置针的主要原因。尤其是新入职护士由于职业防护意识不健全,还存在使用时针刺伤概率大大增加的危险。重复穿刺与并发症的发生不仅增加了患者的痛苦与护士工作量,更增加了患者的经济负担与护患纠纷的风险。为此,评估从事留置针操作与维护的护理人员是否具备必需的相关认知、行为与技术水平需引起护理管理者的关注与重视。国内外围绕外周静脉留置针开展的大量研究主要集中在:留置针在各类病人中的应用体会、留置针相关并发症的观察与干预、护士操作技术的改进及留置针材料改进等方面。现有研究中以护士应用留置针的能力与认知行为为研究内容的较少,而关于护理人员对留置针的态度与行为研究、尤其临床中普遍参与留置针护理的新入职护士留置针知识、态度、行为、技能状况的调查研究尚未见报道。关键词:周静脉留置针;横断面;知识;技能2Abstract:withintravenoustherapyandthegradualdeepeningofsecurityawareness,peripheralveinindwellingneedleastraditionaltoolsofinfusionscalpneedlereplacementproductsiswidelyusedintheclinic,hasbecomeanecessarynursingstaffofclinicalskills.Thetechnologytheapplicationeffectandnurseofindwellingneedlepunctureandmaintenancetechnologyiscloselyrelatedtostudyconfirmed,notstandardizednursingisleadtoindwellingneedlecomplications,indwellingneedleterminatedabnormallyandpatientsrefusedtouseagainthemainreasonfortheindwellingneedle.Especiallythenewlyrecruitednursesduetotheawarenessofoccupationalprotectionisnotperfect,therearestillusingthehourstabbedgreatlyincreasestheprobabilityofrisk.RepeatedpunctureandcomplicationsoccurrednotonlyincreasethepainofpatientsThebitterandtheworkloadofnurses,anincreaseofmoreeconomicburdenofthepatientsandtheriskofnursepatientdisputes.Tothisend,assessmentincatheteroperationandmaintenanceofthenursingstaffwhethertheyhavethenecessarycognition,behaviorandtechnologyleveltocauseofnursingmanagementconcernandattention.Athomeandabroadonperipheralvenousindwellingneedletocarryoutalargenumberofstudiesfocusedon:indwellingneedleinpatientswithallkindsofapplicationexperience,indwellingneedlerelatedcomplicationsobservationandinterventionandimprovementoftechniqueofnursesandindwellingneedlematerialimprovement.Existingresearchtonurseshouldwithindwellingneedlesandcognitivebehaviorastheresearchcontentisless,andonthenursingstaffofindwellingneedleonattitudesandbehaviorsof,especiallyinclinicaluniversalparticipationofneedlenursingofnewlyrecruitednursesindwellingcatheterknowledge,attitude,behavior,skillsofresearchhasnotbeenreported.Keywords:peripheralvenousindwellingneedle;crosssection;knowledge;skills3目录1.绪论...................................................................................................................................................41.1研究背景................................................................................................................................41.2国内外研究现状....................................................................................................................41.3研究目的与意义....................................................................................................................52资料与方法.......................................................................................................................................52.1一般资料................................................................................................................................52.2材料........................................................................................................................................52.3封管方法................................................................................................................................62.4评价方法................................................................................................................................62.5统计学方法............................................................................................................................63结果与讨论.......................................................................................................................................63.1结果........................................................................................................................................63.2讨论........................................................................................................................................74结论...................................................................................................................................................8参考文献..............................................................................................................................................841.绪论1.1研究背景静脉输液是临床最常用的治疗手段之一,73%~90%的住院病人接受输液治疗,外周静脉留置针作为传统输液工具头皮钢针的换代产品,于1958年诞生于美国,20世纪60年代中期在美国临床实践中广泛应用,90年代静脉留置针被引入国内,因其安全、方便、可靠、能减少液体外渗和静脉炎发生、能保证静脉合理用药,提高工作效率等优点而在临床得到广泛应用。随着静脉治疗安全意识的逐步深入推广,进入新世纪,留置针已发展到第三代—安全型留置针,静脉输液治疗无针化在现代医院逐步推广。目前,外周静脉留置针的应用已成为护理人员必备的临床技能。有研究证实,留置针技术的应用效果与护士的留置针穿刺与维护技术密切相关,不规范的护理是导致留置针并发症、留置针非正常中止及患者拒绝再次使用留置针的主要原因。尤其是新入职护士由于职业防护意识不健全,还存在使用时针刺伤概率大大增加的危险。由于留置针输液单次成本较高,涉及到针具、3M敷贴、肝素帽、肝素盐水等一次性耗材,国产经济型留置针单次输液成本15.4元,进口密闭式安全型留置针单次输液成本可达50.1元。重复穿刺与并发症的发生不仅增加了患者的痛苦与护士工作量,更增加了患者的经济负担与护患纠纷的风险。为此,评估从事留置针操作与维护的护理人员是否具备必需的留置针相关认知、行为与技术水平需引起护理管理者的关注与重视。1.2国内外研究现状国内外围绕外周静脉留置针开展了大量的研究,主要集中在留置针在各类病人中的应用体会、留置针相关并发症的观察与干预等方面。关于留置针临床应用的研究证实:留置针能减少静脉穿刺次数,减轻对浅表静脉的破坏;能保证按时给药;保留了一条开放的静脉通路,对危重