步进电机控制电路的设计

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《数字电子技术基础》课程设计报告题目:步进电机控制电路的设计专业:年级学号:学生姓名:联系电话:指导教师:完成日期:2014年11月20日摘要步进电机能接受步进脉冲的控制一步一步地旋转,它是计算机应用项目中的主要执行元件之一,尤其在精确定位场合中得到了广泛的应用。本文介绍的是一种基于单片机的步进电机的系统设计,电机的正转、反转、加速、减速、停止程序,通过电机的驱动芯片74LS194以及相应的按键实现以上功能。本文内容介绍了步进电机以及单片机原理、该系统的硬件电路、程序组成,同时对软、硬件进行了调试,同时介绍了调试过程中出现的问题以及解决问题的方法。该设计具有思路明确、可靠性高、稳定性强等特点,通过调试实现了上述功能。关键词:步进电机、电机驱动ABSTRACTSteppermotorcanacceptthesteppulsecontrolrotateonestepatatime,anditisanoneofthemaincomponentsofthecomputerapplicationprogram,especiallyintheprecisepositioninghasbeenwidelyusedinoccasions.Inthispaperisasystemdesignbasedonsinglechipmicrocomputerofsteppermotor,themotorofforward,reverse,acceleration,deceleration,stoptheprogram,throughthemotordrivechip74ls194aswellasthecorrespondingbuttontoachievetheabovefunctions.Contentofthisarticleintroducestheprincipleofstepmotorandsinglechipmicrocomputer,thesystemhardwarecircuit,programcomposition,atthesametimeonthesoftwareandhardwaredebugging,andintroducesthedebuggingprocessproblemsandthemethodstosolvetheproblem.Thisdesignhasideasclearly,highreliability,strongstability,etc,throughdebuggingrealizedthefunction.Keywords:Steppermotor,motordrive目录摘要...................................................................................................................................................1ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................................11设计要求......................................................................................................................................................12工作原理及方案选择..................................................................................................................................12.1控制器的论证与选择.....................................................................................................................12.2驱动器的论证与选择.....................................................................................................................22.3系统总体方案.................................................................................................................................23电路设计及仿真.........................................................................................................................................23.1步进电机构造.................................................................................................................................23.1.1步进电机工作原理.....................................................................................................................33.1.2步进电机主要参数.....................................................................................................................43.2主控制器部分.................................................................................................................................43.3驱动器部分.....................................................................................................................................53.4键盘部分.........................................................................................................................................54系统软件设计.............................................................................................................................................64.1系统流程图......................................................................................................................................64.2软件说明.........................................................................................................................................75电路的调试..................................................................................................................................................76仿真图..........................................................................................................................................................87完整电路原理图.........................................................................................................................................98心得体会...................................................................................................................................................109元件清单....................................................................................................................................................11附录...............................................................................................................................................................11参考文献.......................................................................................................................................................1411设计要求1利用数电知识设计一个步进电机驱动电路;2能由两根线的输入电平组合使电机能向前进、后退、保持;2工作原理及方案选择根据实验要求,电路应包含电源,控制信号发生器(控制模块),步进电机,功率放大器(驱动模块),人机交互模块等。设计框图如下:图12.1控制器的论证与选择方案1:采用FPGA控制方案。FPGA内部具有独立的I/O接口和逻辑单元,使用灵活,适用性强,且相对单片机来说,还有速度快、外围电路较少和集成度高的特点,因此特别适用于复杂逻辑电路设计。但是FPGA的成本偏高,算数运算能力不强,而且由于本设计对输出处理的速度要求不高,所以FPGA高速处理的优势得不到充分体现。步进电机驱动器人机交互模块电源控制器2方案2:采用集成移位寄存器、驱动器、555定时器和必要的门电路,以及所需电阻、电容、二极管、三极管、开关等元件连接电路简单,这种设计功能主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