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://步进电机的的基本原理中英文翻译Englishtranslationofthesteppingmotorbasicprinciple步进电机作为执行元件,是机电一体化的关键产品之一,广泛应用在各种自动化控制系统中。随着微电子和计算机技术的发展,步进电机的需求量与日俱增,在各个国民经济领域都有应用。Thesteppingmotorasexecutingcomponents,electromechanicalintegrationisoneofthekeyproducts,widelyusedinavarietyofautomaticcontrolsystems.Withthedevelopmentofmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnology,thesteppermotordemandgrowwitheachpassingday,hasbeenappliedinvariousfieldsofthenationaleconomy.步进电机是一种将电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构。当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号,它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度(称为“步距角”),它的旋转是以固定的角度一步一步运行的。可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移量,从而达到准确定位的目的;同时可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度,从而达到调速的目的。步进电机可以作为一种控制用的特种电机,利用其没有积累误差(精度为100%)的特点,广泛应用于各种开环控制。Steppingmotorisakindofelectricalpulsesintoangulardisplacementoftheimplementingagencies.Whensteppingdrivereceivesapulsesignal,itdrivessteppermotorrotateinthedirectionsetbyafixedangle(calledthestep),itistherotationatafixedanglestepbystepoperation.Thenumberofpulsestocontroltheamountofangulardisplacementthroughthecontrol,soastoachievethepurposeofaccuratepositioning;alsocancontrolthepulsefrequencytocontrolmotorrotationspeedandacceleration,soastoachievethepurposeofspeed.Specialmotorsteppermotorcontrolcanbeusedasa,usingitsnoaccumulationoferror(accuracyof100%)characteristics,widelyusedinallkindsofopen-loopcontrol.现在比较常用的步进电机包括反应式步进电机(VR)、永磁式步进电机(PM)、混合式步进电机(HB)和单相式步进电机等。Nowmorecommonlyusedstepmotorcomprisessteppermotor(VR),permanentmagnetsteppermotor(PM),hybridsteppingmotor(HB)andsingle-phasesteppingmotor.://永磁式步进电机一般为两相,转矩和体积较小,步进角一般为7.5度或15度;Permanentmagnetsteppermotorforgeneraltwo-phase,torqueandsmallvolume,thestepangleis7.5degreeor15degree;反应式步进电机一般为三相,可实现大转矩输出,步进角一般为1.5度,但噪声和振动都很大。反应式步进电机的转子磁路由软磁材料制成,定子上有多相励磁绕组,利用磁导的变化产生转矩。Reactionsteppingmotorisgenerallythree-phase,canachieveahightorqueoutput,stepangleis1.5degrees,butthenoiseandvibrationaregreat.Therotormagneticcircuitmadeofsoftmagneticmaterialreactionsteppermotor,amulti-phaseexcitationwindingstator,usingmagnetictorquechanges.混合式步进电机是指混合了永磁式和反应式的优点。它又分为两相和五相:两相步进角一般为1.8度而五相步进角一般为0.72度。这种步进电机的应用最为广泛,也是本次细分驱动方案所选用的步进电机。Hybridsteppingmotorismixedtheadvantagesofpermanentmagnettypeandreactiontype.Itisdividedintotwophaseandfivephase:two-phasestepperangleis1.8degreeandfivephasestepperangleis0.72degrees.Applicationofthesteppingmotoristhemostwidely,isalsothissubdivisiondrivingofsteppermotorselectionscheme.步进电机的一些基本参数:Someofthebasicparametersofstepmotor:电机固有步距角:Thenaturalstepmotor:它表示控制系统每发一个步进脉冲信号,电机所转动的角度。电机出厂时给出了一个步距角的值,如86BYG250A型电机给出的值为0.9°/1.8°(表示半步工作时为0.9°、整步工作时为1.8°),这个步距角可以称之为‘电机固有步距角’,它不一定是电机实际工作时的真正步距角,真正的步距角和驱动器有关。Itsayseveryhairasteppulsesignalcontrolsystem,motorrotationangle.Motorfactoryisastepanglevalues,suchastype86BYG250Amotorisgivenavalueof0.9°/1.8°(saidahalfstepofworkis0.9°,thewholestepofworkis1.8°),thisstepcanbecalled'motorfixedstep',itdoesn'thavetobetheactualmotorworkwhentherealstepangle,angleanddrivetherealsteps.步进电机的相数:://:是指电机内部的线圈组数,目前常用的有二相、三相、四相、五相步进电机。电机相数不同,其步距角也不同,一般二相电机的步距角为0.9°/1.8°、三相的为0.75°/1.5°、五相的为0.36°/0.72°。在没有细分驱动器时,用户主要靠选择不同相数的步进电机来满足自己步距角的要求。如果使用细分驱动器,则‘相数’将变得没有意义,用户只需在驱动器上改变细分数,就可以改变步距角。Isthenumberofcoilsinsidethemotor,commonlyusedinatwo-phase,three-phase,fourphase,fivephasesteppermotor.Thenumberofmotorphaseisdifferent,thestepangleisalsodifferent,thegeneraltwo-phasemotorstepangleis0.9°/1.8°,three-phase0.75°/1.5°,fivephaseof0.36°/0.72°.Intheabsenceofsubdivisiondrive,usersmainlyrelyondifferentphasesofthesteppermotortomeettheirownrequirementsofstepangle.Ifyouuseasubdivisiondriver,is'phase'willbecomemeaningless,usersonlyneedtochangethefinefractioninthedrive,youcanchangethestepangle.保持转矩(HOLDINGTORQUE):Keepthetorque(HOLDINGTORQUE):是指步进电机通电但没有转动时,定子锁住转子的力矩。它是步进电机最重要的参数之一,通常步进电机在低速时的力矩接近保持转矩。由于步进电机的输出力矩随速度的增大而不断衰减,输出功率也随速度的增大而变化,所以保持转矩就成为了衡量步进电机最重要的参数之一。比如,当人们说2N.m的步进电机,在没有特殊说明的情况下是指保持转矩为2N.m的步进电机。Isthesteppermotorpowerbutthereisnorotation,thestatorlockedrotortorque.Itisoneofthemostimportantparametersofstepmotor,usuallysteppermotorinthelow-speedtorquetokeepthetorque.Becauseofthelargeroutputtorquesteppermotorwithspeedandcontinuousdecay,increasestheoutputpowerwiththespeedofchange,sokeepthetorquebecomesoneofthemostimportantparametersofstepmotor.Forexample,whenpeoplesay2N.msteppermotor,intheabsenceofexceptionalcircumstancesdescribedinthatreferstokeepthetorquemotorforthe2N.mstep.DETENTTORQUE:DETENTTORQUE:是指步进电机没有通电的情况下,定子锁住转子的力矩。DETENTTORQUE在国内没有://统一的翻译方式,容易使大家产生误解;由于反应式步进电机的转子不是永磁材料,所以它没有DETENTTORQUE。Referstothesteppermotorisnotenergizedcondition,thestatorlockedrotortorque.DETENTTORQUEdoesnothaveaunifiedwayoftranslationinChina,easytomakepeoplemisunderstand;astherotorreactionsteppermotorisnotpermanentmagneticmaterial,soithasnoDETENTTORQUE.步进电机的一些特点:Someofthecharacteristicofstepmotor:1.一般步进电机的精度为步进角的3-5%,且不累积。The1steppermotorstepangleaccuracyfor3-5%,andnoaccumulation.2.步进电机外表允许的最高温度。2steppermotorappearanceallowsthe