难以忽视的真相-字幕版-word-文档

1It'sextremelyfrustratingtometocommunicateoverandoveragain,asclearlyasIcan.Andwearestill,byfar,theworstcontributortotheproblem.AndIlookaroundandlookforreallymeaningfulsignsthatwe'reabouttoreallychange.Idon'tseeitrightnow.Anumberofveryreputablescientistshavesaidthatonefactorofairpollutionisoxidesofnitrogenfromdecayingvegetation.ThisiswhatcausesthehazethatgavethebigSmokyMountainstheirname.Thankyouverymuch,okay.Thisguyissofaroffintheenvironmentalextreme,we'llbeuptoourneckinowlsandoutofworkforeveryAmerican.Thisguyiscrazy.Evenifhumanswerecausingglobalwarming,andwearenot,thiscouldbemaybethegreatesthoaxeverperpetratedontheAmericanpeople.We'redealingwithsomethingthat'shighlyemotional.Ifanissueisnotonthetipsoftheirconstituents'tongues,it'seasyforthemtoignoreit.Tosay,Well,we'lldealwiththattomorrow.Sothesamephenomenaofchangingallthesepatternsisalsoaffectingtheseasons.HereisastudyfromtheNetherlands.Thepeakarrivaldateformigratorybirds25yearsagowasApril25th,andtheirchickshatchedonJunethe3rd.Justatthetimewhenthecaterpillarswerecomingout.Nature'splan.But20yearsofwarminglater,thecaterpillarspeakedtwoweeksearlier,andthechickstriedtocatchupwithit,buttheycouldn't.Andso,they'reintrouble.Andtherearemillionsofecologicalnichesthatareaffectedbyglobalwarminginjustthisway.ThisisthenumberofdayswithfrostinSouthernSwitzerlandoverthelast100years.Ithasgonedownrapidly.Butnowwatchthis.Thisisthenumberofinvasiveexoticspeciesthathaverushedintofillthenewecologicalnichesthatareopeningup.That'shappeninghereintheUnitedStates,too.You'veheardofthepinebeetleproblem?Thosepinebeetlesusedtobekilledbythecoldwinters,buttherearefewerdaysoffrost,andsothepinetreesarebeingdevastated.Thisispartof14millionacresofsprucetreesinAlaskathathavebeenkilledbybarkbeetles.Theexactsamephenomenon.Therearecitiesthatwerefoundedbecausetheywerejustabovethemosquitoline.Nairobiisone,Harareisanother.Thereareplentyofothers.Nowthemosquitoes,withwarming,areclimbingtohigheraltitudes.Therearealotofvectorsforinfectiousdiseasesthatareworrisometousthatarealsoexpandingtheirrange.Notonlymosquitoes,butalloftheseothersaswell.Andwe'vehad30so-callednewdiseasesthathaveemergedjustinthe2lastquartercentury.Andalotofthem,likeSARS,havecausedtremendousproblems.Theresistantformsoftuberculosis.Thereareothers.Andthere'sbeenare-emergenceofsomediseasesthatwereonceundercontrol.Theavianflu,ofcourse,quiteaseriousmatter,asyouknow.WestNileVirus.ItcametotheeasternshoreofMarylandin1999.Twoyearslater,itwasacrosstheMississippi.Andtwoyearsafterthat,ithadspreadacrossthecontinent.Buttheseareverytroublingsigns.Coralreefsallovertheworld,becauseofglobalwarmingandotherfactors,arebleachingandtheyenduplikethis.Andallthefishspeciesthatdependonthecoralreefsarealsoinjeopardyasaresult.Overall,specieslossisnowoccurringatarate1,000timesgreaterthanthenaturalbackgroundrate.Thisbringsmetothesecondcanaryinthecoalmine.Antarctica.Thelargestmassoficeontheplanetbyfar.Afriendofminesaidin1978,IfyouseethebreakupoficeshelvesalongtheAntarcticpeninsula,watchoutbecausethatshouldbeseenasanalarmbellforglobalwarming.Andactually,ifyoulookatthepeninsulaupclose,everyplacewhereyouseeoneofthesegreenblotcheshereisaniceshelflargerthanthestateofRhodeIslandthathasbrokenupjustinthelast15to20years.Iwanttofocusonjustoneofthem.It'scalledLarsenB.Iwantyoutolookattheseblackpoolshere.Itmakesitseemalmostasifwe'relookingthroughtheicetotheoceanbeneath.Butthat'sanillusion.Thisismeltingwaterthatformsinpools,andifyouwereflyingoveritinahelicopter,you'dseeit's700feettall.Theyaresomajestic,somassive.Inthedistancearethemountainsandjustbeforethemountainsistheshelfofthecontinent,there.Thisisfloatingice,andthere'sland-basediceonthedownslopeofthosemountains.Fromheretothemountainsisabout20to25miles.Nowtheythoughtthiswouldbestableforatleast100years,evenwithglobalwarming.Thescientistswhostudytheseiceshelveswereabsolutelyastonishedwhentheywerelookingattheseimages.StartingonJanuary31,2002inaperiodof35daysthisiceshelfcompletelydisappeared.Theycouldnotfigureouthowintheworldthishappenedsorapidly.Andtheywentbacktotrytofigureoutwherethey'dgonewrong.Andthat'swhentheyfocusedonthosepoolsofmeltingwater.Butevenbeforetheycouldfigureoutwhathadhappenedthere,somethingelsestartedgoingwrong.Whenthefloatingsea-basedicecrackedup,itnolongerheldbacktheiceontheland,andtheland-basedicethenstartedfallingintotheocean.Itwaslikelettingthecorkoutofabottle.Andthere'sadifferencebetweenfloatingiceandland-basedice.That'slikethedifferencebetweenanicecubefloatinginaglassofwater,whichwhenitmeltsdoesn'traisethelevelofwaterintheglass,andacubethat'ssittingatopastackoficecubeswhichmeltsandflowsovertheedge.That'swhythecitizensofthesePacificnationshaveallhadtoevacuateto3NewZealand.ButIwanttofocusonWestAntarcticabecauseitillustratestwofactorsaboutland-basediceandsea-basedice.It'salittleofboth.It'sproppedupontopsofislands,buttheoceancomesupunderneathit.Soastheoceangetswarmer,ithasanimpactonit.Ifthisweretogo,sealevelworldwidewouldgoup20feet.They'vemeasureddisturbingchangesontheundersideofthisicesheet.It'sconsideredrelativel