我国农业废弃物资源化利用现状与发展趋势分析

刘振东1，李贵春2，杨晓梅1，尹昌斌1*1．1000812．100081论述了我国农业废弃物的特点和资源化综合利用的现状，分析了农业废弃物的资源潜力以及在资源化过程中的限制因素和技术瓶颈，并结合中国社会、经济发展的目标，提出农业废弃物循环利用思路及其政策建议。从农业废弃物资源化利用入手，推进生物基质产业化对于进一步解决环境污染和资源短缺、加快农业产业化进程和促进社会主义新农村具有重要意义。农业废弃物;资源化利用;基质化;循环利用理论S181．3A0517－6611(2012)26－13068－03StatusandDevelopmentTrendofResourceUtilizationWaysofAgriculturalResiduesinChinaLIUZhen-dongetal(InstituteofAgriculturalResourcesandRegionalPlanning，CAAS，Beijing，100081)AbstractThepaperfirsltydiscussedthecharacteristicsofagriculturalresiduesanditsresourceutilizationinChina，andthenanalyzedthere-sourcepotentialofagriculturalresiduesandtheconstraintsandtechnicalbottlenecksintheprocessofresourceutilization．AccordingtoChina＇se-conomicandsocialdevelopmentgoals，theconceptsandsuggestionwereproposedontherecyclingutilizationofagriculturalresidues．Startingfromtheresourceutilizationofagriculturalresidues，thebiologicalmatrixindustrializationwaspromotedtosolveenvironmentalpollutionandresourceshortages，acceleratetheprocessofagriculturalindustrializationandpromotetheconstructionofnewsocialistcountryside．KeywordsAgriculturalresidues;Resourceutilization;Matrix;Recyclingtheory公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903011－B)。刘振东(1985－)，男，山东济南人，硕士研究生，研究方向:农业生态学，E-mail:[e-mail]。*通讯作者，研究员，博士，博士生导师，从事环境经济与农业区域发展研究。2012-04-24agriculturalresidue、1－3。、、4。15。“”“”35、“”。11．1。411、、、234。1．2①C、O、H65%～90%N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S。②。、、、、、。、、、、、、、、、、6。③、、、、。、7。11．317．0×109t2．3×108t2．2×108t1．0×108t、1．8×108t1。18．6×108t10．7×108t2．7×108t3．4×108t1．8×108t15。2．5×108t1．5×108t0．5×108t0．5×108t7×108t1－2。5%～10%。“”。3111．5m31275．2m36．5t1kg16．52264．4t、459．1t、2715．7t张彩丽卢瑶JournalofAnhuiAgri．Sci．2012402613068－13070130761．9～2．2t。9。118×108t×109t×104t×104t×104t×1015kJ×109m3×108t18．6273991470．0294．01109．032．0497．841．127．036386430．057．0651．0100．01546．803．841．0174869．07．337．012．0177．800．402．56250120．072．0249．023．0346．710．780．5320534．055．5500．07．3111．130．251．5304084．817．3101．822．0328．930．740．5200156．611．567．96．7102．240．2339．0800292264．4459．12715．7203．03111．507．002、、、。2．1。10。、、、。、11－1213。200726871131014－15。。、。、。16。1718。2．21－219。、、、CaOH2－、、、。、、、、、920。23．0%～31．3%8%～10%、、。2．3、。、、、、、、、、1－321。2．4。。、、、、、、、、、、22。、、36．05kg/m323。、、、、52427．61%27．23%25。、、。2－－。2－－33．1、。。9603140卷26期刘振东等我国农业废弃物资源化利用现状与发展趋势分析3。、1826。3．2、。200321t10%1－3。1597t363tCOD6400tBOD5400t25%～30%CODCODN、P127。。、。3．3。19。。。、、9。44．1。。、“”“”“”———“”“”119。3。、。4．2。34．2．1。、、111。4．2．2、。、19、。。4．2．3。。、、111。“”。、、、1119。5、、、、、、、、、、。、、、、。(下转第13076页)07031安徽农业科学2012systemsoftheworldvol．30subterraneanecosystems．AmsterdamElsevi-er2000647－664．62BOULTONAJ．RiverecosystemhealthdownunderassessingecologicalconditioninriverinegroundwaterzonesinAustraliaJ．EcosystHealth20006108－118．63DANIELOPOLDLPOSPISILPROUCHR．Biodiversityingroundwateralarge－scaleviewJ．TrendsEcolEvol200015223－224．64MACDONALDTRKITANIDISPKMCCARTYPLetal．MasstransferlimitationsformacroscalebioremediationmodelingandimplicationsonaquifercloggingJ．GroundWater19994523－531．65KOTASBORDENRCBARLAZMA．InfluenceofprotozoangrazingoncontaminantbiodegradationJ．FEMSMicrobiolEcol199929179－189．66MATTISONRGHARAYAMAS．ThesoilflagellateHeteromitaglobosaacceleratesbacterialdegradationofalkylbenzenesthroughgrazingandac-etateexcretioninbatchcultureJ．MicrobEcol200549142－150．67BJARNIKKRISTJQNSSONBKSVAVARSSONJ．SubglacialrefugiainIcelandenabledgroundwateramphipodstosurviveglaciationsJ．AmNat2007170292－296．68AMENDJPTESKEAA．Expandingfrontiersindeepsubsurfacemicro-biologyJ．PaleogeogrPaleoclimPaleoecol2004219131－155．69MILLERSWWOOSTERDLIJ．Resistanceandresilienceofmacroin-vertebratestoirrigationwaterwithdrawalsJ．FreshwBiol200755122494－2510．70COOPERSJBBRADBURYJHSAINTKMetal．Subterraneanarchi-pelagointheAustralianaridzonemitochondrialDNAphylogeographyofamphipodsfromcentralWesternAustraliaJ．MolEcol2007161533－1544．71COOPERSJBSAINTKMTAITISetal．SubterraneanarchipelagoIImitochondrialDNAphylogeographyofstygo－biticisopodsOniscideaHaloniscusfromtheYilgarnregionofWesternAustraliaJ．InvertebrSyst200822195－203．72ROUCHRPITZALISADESCOUENSA．Effetsd＇unpompageàgrosdèbitsurlepeuplementdesCrustacèsd＇unaquiférekarstiqueTheeffectoflargeflowpumpingonthepopulationofcrustaceansinakarsticaqui-ferJ．AnnalLimnol19932915－29．73BUTTRICKD．Casestudy15hazardassessmentondolomiteatSimunyeSouthAfricaC//WALTHAMTBELLFCULSHAWMG．Sinkholesandsubsidencekarstandcavernousrocksinengineeringandconstruc-tion．BerlinSpringer2005341－346．74MARGATJ．GroundwateroperationsandmanagementC//GIBERTJDANIELOPOLDLSTANFORDJA．Groundwaterecology．LondonAca-demic1994505－522．75NOTENBOOMJPLENETSTURQUINMJ．GroundwatercontaminationanditsimpactongroundwateranimalsandecosystemsC//GIBERTJDANIELOPOLDLSTANFORDJA．Groundwaterecology．SanDiegoAcademicPress1994477－504．76TESTAJMCHARETTEMASHOLKOVITZERetal．DissolvedironcyclinginthesubterraneanestuaryofacoastalbayWaquoitBayMassa-chusettsJ．BiolBull2002203255－256．77POHLMANJWCIFUENTESLAILIFFETM．FoodwebdynamicsandbiogeochemistryofanchialinecavesastableisotopeapproachC//WILKENSHCULVERDCHUMPHREYSWF．Ecosystemsoftheworldvol30subterraneanecosystems．AmsterdamElsevier2000345－357．78ELADNANIMAITBOUGHROUSAKHEBIZAMYetal．Impactofminingwastesonth