轴后1抱T申与压缩1作各抨的轴力图,如图所示。解1.19回IOkNlæIFN图leI10kN20kNlS剖_.一-←→_.+←.120kN~L二|FN图(b)10kNSkN5kN33.2kNFN固FN图(d)(c)解题1.19图ω按活塞杆强度确定最大油压ρ,由强度条件σ杆=2茸7《U[σ?ρμ(D2-di)ζ[σ]杆·fdi坠垃豆i一130x1币X652X104一ρ《218.1×106N/mz=18.1MPaD2-dr-1862X10-6-652X10-6-(2)按缸盖螺栓强度确定最大油压ρr22《[句?ρ(D2-di).~6xtd2,[σ]螺1.20由强度条件即ρζ乓国皇_QX17.32X1俨x110x106一6.5X106N/m2=6.5MPaD2-d~一1862X10-6_652X10-6_综上分析,最大油压Pmax=6.5MPa。1.21解(1)求各杆轴力。截取结点C,由平衡条件,得FNAC=-FNBC=F=100kN(2)设计木抨横截面尺寸a因为σ木=于ζ[咔所以a到当芋=1∞mF呼[σ-J木故取a=100mm(3)选择角钢型号因为σ钢=拴ζ[句所以A~,,~N华=312.5mm2lσJ钢选40x40x4的等边角钢,A=3.086x1铲mm2,则1oX103σ钢=2x;~~6~102=162.02MPa[σ]但咽-[σ]钢162.02-160=A~_.-.::A~~=1.2696596[σ]钢-160故可选4Ox40x4的等边角钢。1.22解(1)受力分析以结构整体为研究对象(图(a)),设F作用点距支座A距离为x,由于结构对称,故可只研究F在AC梁上的移动,故有0ζz运t。由2:MA=0,2lFB-Fx=0F得FB=至z.x研究结构B∞部分(困(b))。由2:Mc=0,FN3•a-FB•l=0l.....lFF得FN3=一.FB=一·一.x=~xN.3a~Da2l~2a~x=l时,即当F作用在镜C处时,杆唰达到最大值FN3=去.l=沾γ2=1.25F此时,杆1、杆2轴力也达到最大值。由结点D的平衡关系(图(c)、图(d)),求得FN2=FN3=1.25FFt-m1.25F-44L---一一-:;=1.77FNl-α沼450一0.7071由对称关系,有FNS=FN1,FN4=FN2,杆2、杆4受压。(2)计算F的许可值由以上受力分析,可知应按杆1(杆5)与杆2(杆的进行强度分析。查型钢表,6.3号槽钢横截面积A=8.444X102mm2,由杆1、杆5强度条件2σ钢=守这[叫1.77F即A一ζ[σ]钢Fζ豆豆]组=~4斜x1()2x16Q=76自×仙=76.3kN1.771.77-,.\由杆2、杆4强度条件σ木=ZTU山即亏Eζ[σ-]木Fζ气祟主=120TE?×~=但16X103N=92.2剧。综上分析,可知[F]=76.3kN。A(a)FN2一旦?FN3D(b)(c)解题1.22图1.23解使斜撑杆BC具有最小重量,则要求其体积V最小,而BC杆为二力杆,故应取等截面抨。设其长度为b,横截面积为A,则v=悦。沿横截面截开BC杆,研究分离体A∞,如图所示。由~MA=0,tql2-FNsina•bcosa=0儿得F,=;;-:-!ll2___gf_N-2bsinaα)sα-bsin2α由BC杆强度条件σ=安ζ[σ]解题1.23固3即dUζ[σ]bsin2α·古V飞___gj_乙-9[σJsin2α可知,当α=450时,BC杆体积最小,Vmin=旦2m一[σ]。配杆的影j、重量wmnzvd=tjy1.24解(1)求各段杆的轴力FNOC=-50kN,FN∞=-20kN,FNDA=0(2)求t:.l-50x20.-20x20t:.l=一τ7一+一一一一一+0=一0.07mm(缩短)ιAEA(3)求ε止NOC-50EOC=苦-200x时x10x10-4=-2.5X10-4ω=tp=却O×dZO×10-4=一1.0X10-4εDA=0.....0.750.751.25解smα==一一=0.6町.j12+0.752-1.25~MA=0,FN•sinα=2F故FN=50协Jl'Nl∞5ox1.25t:.l=ι-ιπ(20X10-3)22∞x100x..,...'4=1X10-3m=1mm由变形图可得DD=t:.l=~Dsina2t:.l所以~B=2~D=寸一=3.3mm(t)smα主.26解根据CF的平衡条件得~Mc=0,FN2l=Fx~MF=0,FNll=F(l-x)4如要求CF始终保持水平,就要使两杆的变形相等,即t:.L1=t:.L2,则有AF解题1.25图将FN1、FN2代人上式得解得'h-A-A,的-Am旦现红MF-E=生+:汕一仇-LJIN-hz-A-ι-F-EhV-E-lF一-z,..41.27解(a)(1)计算各杆的内力tJ.11A'AIA2A2AIA'A'(a)(b)解题1.27图由结点A的平衡条件得2:凡=0,FN2c0s30.-FNl=0解得(2)计算各杆的变形2:Fy=0,FN2sin30.-F=0FNl=I3F=86.6kN(拉)FN2=一2F=-100kN(压)tJ.11A(c)FNlll86.6X103X30x10t:.L1=~:;'~~1=u:::::.:4~;:::~...:?v=0.247mm(伸长)1-EA-210X103X5X102FN2l2FN2l1/c0s30.100X103X34.6x10t:.L2=一一一=..p~~~;-.__=-...~~,:'~~~^;~~:..~:~~V=_0.330mm(缩短)2-EA-EA一210X103X5X102-(3)计算A点位移如图(a)所示。A点水平位移t:.x=互互1=t:.L1=0.247mm(�)A点垂直位移龟=互声=互瓦+五页=t:.L2/sin30.+t:.L1徊300=1.侃8tmn(~)解(b)(1)计算各杆内力由A点平衡条件得2:凡=0,FN2=-50kN(压)2:Fy=0,FNl=0。)计算各杆变形Fl\llllt:.L1=古-FN2l25oX103X34.64x10t:.L2=二且二五---0.165mm(缩短)2-EA-210x103X5X102一(3)计算A点位移如图(b)所示。A点水平位移Åx=0一一寸t:.L2A点垂直位移Åy=AA'=蔬õ=2t:.L2=O.33mm(~)5解(c)(1):求各杆内力由A点平衡条件得~凡=0,FN1=F=-50kN(压)~Fy=0,FN2=0(2)求各杆变形一E皿i!_J:ox1()3x30x1。一1-EA-210×103×5×16--0.143mm(缩短)FN?l?tlL2=言A'=(3)求A点位移如图(c)所示。A点水平位移..:1%=tlL1=0.143mm(�)一一寸tlL1A点垂直位移..:1y=A1A'=t:3Ô.=0.248mm(千)1.28解由AB的平衡条件得则有~MA=0,FN1+2FN2=3F由础的变形协调条件得2tlL1=tlL22FN1lFN2lEAEA得补克方程2FN1=FN23解得FN1=SF=ω剧,FM=fF=mwσ1:::于=60胁,hff=mma1.29解(1)各段内力FN1=F,FN2=0。Fl\Jdl杆的总变形tlL=tlL1=半山且E1A1下端空隙恰好消失应满足tlL=..:1E皿=..:1HPE1A1F=且主1..:1100X103X40∞xO.ω=32kNII_1x1()3(2)当F=5∞kN时,杆将与下端接触并受到约束,设在F力作用下,上、下端的支反力分别为RA和Rc,由平衡条件得面RA+Rc-F=0变形条件tlL1+tlL2=..:1FN1l1F…九物理条件:'J~1:1+一且正=..:1E1A1•E2A2因为FN1=RA'FN2=-Rc,故有旦延1__Rcl左AE1A1E2A2_lo0oi①②③联立①、③式解得FNl=RA=344kN,FNl=-Rc=-156kN1FN1344X103---一一一一:;=86MPaA1-4X1032_FNl坚豆兰旦!-~且ι」¥-=-78MPaA2-2X103-'u..u.Q由图(a)的平衡条件,得各段内的应力阳FEE-AMCh(1)平衡方程解1.30主卜..........B(b)①解题1.30图~MB=0,FNl=FN31~Fy=0,2FN1=FNlJ由变形图(b)得D.ll+D.l2=D.l3-D.l2D.ll+2D.l2=D.l3(2)几何方程②即(3)物理方程③AIA'-A'lAFml|3-ιtιN3-αt-ËÃJ-.~.-_..,..---,FN?lD.l2=主主FNtlD.ll=主言,将③式代人②式得FN1l2FN?lFN?l-__:.':-+一-αlD.t一一EA'EAFN1+2FNl+FN3=αEAD.t(4)补充方程④俨即(5)联立①、④式解得__l'J1.,'J1(\-6FN1=FN3=-2-aEAD.t=-2-x12X10-6X200X103X10x40=160N(压)6FNl=2FNl=2x160=320N(拉)2剪切2.11解设花键轴每个齿受力为F,F距轴心的平均距离为2土豆Zmm,对花键轴心的力4矩平衡,得152+47...~_~\m=8Fx{~-4一x10寸lmX1034X103X103F一=--:..:;'~V..:~~~,...=20.2kN_(52+47)x2_(52+47)x2F2oX103σbe=E=/52-471『=134.6×106Pa0.06xI一亏一Ix10-=134.6MPa[σbsJ=140MPa故花键轴满足挤压强度要求。2.12解剪力FQ=F。剪切面为A=π凶。依题意,保险器要先被剪断,故有剪切破坏条件rζ坠=-4-飞~AπE冶630x103『故D~二-7==50.1×10-3m=50.1mm一πδluπx0.02x200x1002.13解ω螺栓所受剪力FQ=?剪切面面积A=手。1'02F由螺栓的剪切强度l=三产=气亨~[r]f1πα'f'iF/2x120x1039.../-7ιτ=1\/-_'~~;;:~',~=3.57X10-':m=35.7mm::::--y1C[r]呼πx60x10由螺栓与拉抨接触处的挤压强度σh=5〈[句]120x103~..•~_?3一一一=._.~~:;~~_._=5X10-':m=50mm;:::;--t[σbsJ_15x10-:-3x160X106_综上所述,应选内径为50mm的螺栓。(2)拉杆强度σ=5《[σ]120X103b飞一一=1~,~::::3',~:,~1f\6=0.1m=100mm;:::;--t[σ]一15X10-3x80x10即拉杆宽度b应选100mm。转扭315kN'mT图作扭矩图如图所示。|~IT图leI解3.1230kN'm(b)(a)解题3.12固由切应力公式巳=孕=2.15X103X10X10-3=35X106Pa=35阳ar1P旦(50X10-3)432T16T16x2.15x103=一一=一τ=υ=87.6MPamaxWprrD3π(50x10�)3由外力偶矩公式可知解3.13m]-Nα了JKo-335丐&『叩51A-乓WA『×=5QJnovqn吓=9NM一切=币2'1P-nz=川wbd-nu仍mJ===αm解3.14主轴内外径比T16mT'max=百二=πD3(1甲α4)16x573x103~......~li~~~/..'.LV,..,,..4.,=19.2X106Pa=19.2阳a[τ]=50MPaπ(550x10-3)3(1-0.5454)水轮机主轴满足强度要求。3.15解(1)作扭短图如图所示。(2)确定m的许可值。根据强度条件TAB2m_..-=一一--主LT'JWp!!:旦二二16m/』KEf-50×106×πx(200X10-3)3电32-32=39.3X103N.m=39.3kN.tnT图|eI解题3.15国AB段9Toc16=二~=兔m:i\~[dmaxWpπD3(1-a4)二BC段故••••/'_......••..........-':