曾洪流-2011.

1SeismicSedimentologyinChina:AnOverview地震沉积学在中国：回顾和展望HongliuZengBureauofEconomicGeologyJacksonSchoolofGeosciencesTheUniversityofTexasatAustinJuly16,20112Presentationoutline提纲Concept概念Briefhistory历史Geologicandgeophysicalbackground地质和地球物理背景Keytechniques关键实用技术Applications应用Futuredevelopment近期发展3Whatisseismicsedimentology?地震沉积学学科分类StratigraphySedimentologyRecognitionCorrelationSed.rocksProcessesBasinscale（Seis.seq.）Reservoirscale（high-freq.seq.）Basinscale（Seis.facies）Reservoirscale（lithology,geomorphology）Seismicstratigraphy（Vail）Seismicsedimentology(Zeng)Seis.geomorphology（Posamentier）SeismiclithologyHigh-frequencySeismicstratigraphySequencestratigraphy(Zeng,2011)4Concepts地震沉积学的概念广义（2004）：用地震资料研究沉积岩和沉积作用窄义（2004）：地震岩性学、地震地貌学、沉积体系结构和盆地沉积史的综合研究窄义（2011）：通过地震岩性学（岩性、厚度、物性和流体对物性的影响等特征）、地震地貌学（古沉积地貌、古侵蚀地貌、地貌单元相互关系和演变、及其它岩类形态）的综合分析，研究岩性、沉积成因、沉积体系和盆地充填历史的学科5Milestones历史1970’s:3Dseismictechnology三维技术1979:Firsttimeslicesoffluvialdepositionalsystems(DahmandGraebner)时间切片1980s:Conceptofhorizonslices(e.g.,Landmark)层位切片1994:Conceptofstratalslicing(Zeng)地层切片1998:Conceptofseismicsedimentology(Zengetal.)地震沉积学2001:Conceptofseismicgeomorphology(Posamentier)地震地貌学2005:SEPMConferenceonseismicgeomorphology,Houston2010:GCSSEPMResearchConferenceonseismicimagingofdepositionalandgeomorphicsystems,Houston2000-present:Increasedawareness/applicationsinnon-marinebasinsofChina(RIPED,BGP,CUP,etc.)6Well-BasedAnalysisSeismicStratigraphySeismicFaciesMappingSeismicLithologySeismicGeomorphologyHigh-FrequencySequencesReservoirarchitectureReservoirprediction:ReversingtheProcess程序逆转7Directimagingofdepositionalelementsfrom3Dseismicdata:arevolution(A.Brown,1986)Highsolution:10’sofmeters8Geologicandgeophysicalbackground地震沉积学产生的地质和地球物理背景•Adepositionalbodyiseasiertoberesolvedwithseismicdatainhorizontaldimensionthaninvertical沉积体从水平方向更易分辨•Manydepositionalsurfacescutacrossseismiceventsandaredifficulttopickmanually许多沉积界面穿过地震同相轴，不易手工解释9Geologicandgeophysicalbackground地震沉积学产生的地质和地球物理背景•Adepositionalbodyiseasiertoberesolvedwithseismicdatainhorizontaldimensionthaninvertical沉积体从水平方向更易分辨•Manydepositionalsurfacescutacrossseismiceventsandaredifficulttopickmanually许多沉积界面穿过地震同相轴，不易手工解释10RelationshipbetweenverticalandhorizontalresolutionH=V=1/4lHVV=Verticalresolution垂向分辨率H=Horizontalresolution水平分辨率(Lindsey,1989)11Reservoirgeometry:储层几何形态verticalvs.horizontaldimensionHVH=VHVRareifanyRareifany99%H=horizontaldimensionV=verticaldimension12Reservoirgeometry:verticalvs.horizontaldimension13Limitofverticalseismicresolution垂向分辨率限制14Powerofhorizontalseismicresolution水平分辨率优势•Highresolution(10m)•Directlinktolithology•Directlinktodepositionalmodels15Geologicandgeophysicalbackground地震沉积学的地质和地球物理背景•Adepositionalbodyiseasiertoberesolvedwithseismicdatainhorizontaldimensionthaninvertical沉积体从水平方向更易分辨•Manydepositionalsurfacescutacrossseismiceventsandaredifficulttopickmanually许多沉积界面穿过地震同相轴，不易手工解释16Seismicfrequencycontrolonoccurrenceofseismicevents同相轴产状受地震频率控制(Zengetal.,1998)17Lowfrequency--lithofaciesFrequencydependencyofgeologictime-lineinterpretation地质时间解释受地质频率控制500m50msHighfrequency—timeunits18Keytechniquesofseismicsedimentology关键技术1.90°-phasingofseismicwavelettoimproveamplitude-lithologycorrelation地震子波90°相位化以改善振幅－岩性对比关系2.Makingofstratalslicestorevealdepositionalfaciespatternsongeologictimesurfaces制作地层切片以显示地质时间界面上的沉积相分布模式19Keycomponentsofseismicsedimentology关键技术1.90°-phasingofseismicwavelettoimproveamplitude-lithologycorrelation地震子波90°相位化以改善振幅－岩性对比关系2.Makingofstratalslicestorevealdepositionalfaciespatternsongeologictimesurfaces制作地层切片以显示地质时间界面上的沉积相分布模式20•Waveletsymmetry•Maximumamplitudecorrespondstoreflectioninterface•HigherresolutionInterpretiveAdvantagesofZero-PhaseWavelet(singlesurface)?l/40º21•Waveletsymmetry•Maximumamplitudecorrespondstoreflectioninterface•HigherresolutionInterpretiveAdvantagesof90º-PhaseWavelet(thinbed)l/40º90º22Interpretiveadvantageof90º-phasewavelet(GulfCoastsandstone/shale)00900PolaritynottiedtosandsPolaritytiedtosands23Interpretiveadvantageof90º-phasewavelet90º0º24Othermethodsforseismiclithology其它地震岩性学方法•Seismicinversion地震反演•Integratedseismictrace积分地震道•Seismicattributes地震属性25Keytechniquesofseismicsedimentology关键技术1.90°-phasingofseismicwavelettoimproveamplitude-lithologycorrelation地震子波90°相位化以改善振幅－岩性对比关系2.Makingofstratalslicestorevealdepositionalfaciespatternsongeologictimesurfaces制作地层切片以显示地质时间界面上的沉积相分布模式26StratalslicingTraveltimeStratalSliceTraveltimeDataCubeGeo.TimeStratalSliceCube27Stratalslicinginoperation28TimesliceHorizonsliceStratalslice(CourtesyAGMStratalSlice)Stratalslicesvs.otherslices29ClasticdepositionalsystemsonstratalslicesAtidal-dominatedshorezone(tidalflatandtidaldelta).Meanderloops.Aslope-fansystem.Adistributarychannelsystem.Coastalplainandincisedvalley.30Applicationstohydrocarbonexploration在油气勘探中的应用1.High-resolutionimagingofdepositionalelementsandreservoirs(upto1mresolution/detection)沉积体和储层的高分辨率成像（1米）2.Identifyingofstratigraphictraps寻找地层型圈闭Resolvingpowerofstratalslices松辽青一段Exploringstratigraphictraps322kmStructuraltrapStratigraph