最权威的国际教育服务平台资料来源:教育优选浅谈雅思(IELTS)阅读中的关系词在雅思阅读的授课当中,常会听到学生焦急而又无奈地说:“老师,我已读懂了题目,可为何还是难以准确定位题目在文中的具体位置呢。”当然,多数学生已掌握通过题目所给出的关键词如:人名、地点、时间、数字、生词以及大写字母等到文中寻找答案。然而却忽略了在作者布局谋篇,展开论述的过程中最倚重的“联络官”——关系词(也称信号词),通过它可以有效地定位主旨并且搜寻到细节信息从而迅速锁定答案,同时,它也适用于雅思阅读的任意一个题型当中。常见于阅读中的关系词包括:表示“因果”的关系词、“转折”关系词、“比较”关系词以及“并列”关系词等。1.“因果”的关系词(asaresult,resultin,resultfrom,leadto,becauseof,dueto,contributeto,owningto,hence,since,accordingly,consequently,therefore,inthat,etc.)2.“转折”关系词(despite,inspiteof,but,although,though,while,yet,otherwise,ontheotherhand,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,etc.)3.“比较”关系词(more,than,less,theleast,themost,prefer,equally,likewise,similarly,incomparison,as…as,etc.)4.“并列”关系词(first,second…finally,and,or,aswellas,one…theother,not…nor…,etc.)A)用于判断题型中,例:a)T:Mostformsofenvironmentalpollutionareassociatedwithindustrialization.Q:Industrializationhasledtopollutionproblems.此题中题目与原文都含有因果关系,且因果相同,仅是同义词组替换罢了。最权威的国际教育服务平台资料来源:教育优选)T:LosAngeleshassomeoftheworld’scleanestcars—farbetterthanthoseofEurope—butthetotalnumberofmilesthosecarsdrivecontinuestogrow.Q:ResidentsofLosAngelesarenowtendingtoreducetheyearlydistancestheytravelbycar.此题原文转折词but所连接后面的内容continuestogrow与问题中的考点tendingtoreduce形成语义矛盾。C)T:Thetraditionalimagesofthe“malebreadwinner”and“femalehousewifeandmother”maybebreakingdownamongfemalesbutthisprocessisoccurringmoreslowlyamongmales.Q:Menacceptchangingperceptionsoftraditionalgenderrolesmoreslowlythanwomendo.此题是一道明显的有关双方比较的题(morethan结构)此外,该句还存在明显同义词及词组的替换如:perceptions对应images,traditionalgenderroles对应“malebreadwinner”and“femalehousewifeandmother”,man对应male,woman对应female.题干中的比较点及比较结果与原文判断一致。B)用于标题对应题型中,例:ListofheadingsI.RiversandseascausedamageII.Water,theprovideroffoodIII.ThescarcityofwaterIV.Whatiswater?V.HowtosolvefloodingVI.Humans’relationshipwithwater最权威的国际教育服务平台资料来源:教育优选分析:此段开头先提出了“根据预测到2025年世界上将有三分之二的人口喝不到淡水”接着分别用转折词but,while进一步提出某些地区由于洪水泛滥带来的破坏,在其它许多地方水的缺失已变得日趋严峻。接着从“ThestateofTexas…watersources”通过一个细节举例(德克萨斯州的人们正在饱受缺水之苦)来作进一步说明。C)用于摘要题型中,例:Howdoestheconceptofhomeopathydifferfromthatofconventionalmedicine?Verysimply,homeopathyattemptstostimulatethebodytorecoveritself.Insteadoflookinguponthesymptomsassomethingwrongwhichmustbesetright,thehomeopathseesthemassignsofthewaythebodyisattemptingtohelpitself.Anotherbasicdifferencebetweenconventionalmedicaltherapyandhomeopathyisintheroleofmedication.Inmuchofconventionaltherapytheillnessiscontrolledthroughregularuseofmedicalsubstances.Ifthemedicationiswithdrawn,thepersonreturnstoillness.SummaryHomeopathydiffersfromconventionalmedicineinanumberofways.Conventionalmedicineviewssymptomsasanindicationofsomethingwronginthebody,whereashomeopathyseesthemassignsthatthebodyisattemptingtohealitself.Theusesofmedicationdifferalso.Manytypesof最权威的国际教育服务平台资料来源:教育优选……Listofwords/phrasesCcure.gettingbetter.healitself.Illness.controlsymptoms.healthy分析:通过题干中的转折词whereas可以在文中迅速定位到考点句型verysimply…insteadof…。题2中由重要信号词butif可定位原文中if引导的条件状语从句,同时原文中iswithdrawn对应题目中的istakenaway.