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有限元、力学专业词汇汇总--中英文对照集中力concentratedforce分布力distributedforce拉力tensileforce拉伸实验tensiletest横向力lateralforcetransverseforce轴向力axialforce重力gravitationalforce静水压力hydrostaticpressure约束力constraintforce实际作用力actualforce正应力normalstress切应力shearstress正应力的大小magnitudeofnormalstress剪应力的合力resultantofshearstress拉应力tensilestress压应力compressivestress极限应力ultimatestress屈服应力yieldstress应力应变曲线stress-straincurve线性应力应变关系linearrelationshipbetweenstressandstrain惯性矩momentofinertia静矩staticmoment扭矩torquemoment弯矩bendingmoment扭转角twistangle两端作用扭矩twistedbycouplesattwoends扭转刚度torsionalrigidity拉伸刚度tensilerigidity刚体rigidbody轴shaft梁beam悬臂梁cantileverbeam简支梁simplysupportedbeam一端铰支pinsupportatoneend一端固定fixedatoneend静定梁staticallydeterminatebeam静不定梁staticallyindeterminatebeam对称平面symmetryplane刚体的平衡equilibriumofrigidbody平衡方程equilibriumequation微分方程differentialequation相容方程compatibilityequation补充方程complementaryequation静力学方程equationsofstatic静力等效staticallyequivalent虎克定律hook’slaw初始位置initialposition边界条件boundarycondition横坐标abscissa纵坐标ordinate中性轴neutralaxis纵轴longitudinalaxis绕纵轴转动rotateaboutalongitudinalaxis纯剪切pureshear横截面积cross-sectionalarea弯矩图bendingmomentdiagram剪力图shearforcediagram剪力突变abruptchangeinshearforce旋转和平移rotationandtranslation挠度曲线deflectioncurve曲率半径radiusofcurvature弹性模量modulusofelasticity比例极限proportionallimit力矩面积法moment-areamethod脆性破坏brittlefail相互垂直平面mutuallyperpendicularplanes通过截面形心throughthecentroidofthecrosssection工程实际问题practicalengineeringproblems三维力系three-dimensionalforcesystem汇交力系cocurrentsystemofforces合力矩resultantmoment合矢量resultantvector标量方程scalarequation、矢量方程vectorequation、张量方程tensorequation任意一点anarbitrarypoint一束光abeamoflight反作用力reactionforce反作用力偶reactioncouple几何约束geometricrestriction转动约束restrictionagainstrotation平动约束restrictionagainsttranslation运动的趋势tendencyofmotion参考框架frameofreference绕给定轴转动rotateaboutaspecificaxis沿一个方向运动moveinadirection控制方程controlequation未知反力unknownreactionforces共线力collinearforces平面力系planarforcesystem大小和方向magnitudeanddirection刚性连接rigidlyconnected运动学关系kinematicalrelations运动的合成superpositionofmovement固定点fixedpoint平动的叠加superpositionoftranslation刚体的角速度angularspeedofarigidbody定性的描述qualitativedescription质点动力学particledynamics变化率rateofchange运动微分方程differentialequationofmotion动量守恒conservationoflinearmomentum点线dottedline、划线dashedline、实线solidline角速度angularvelocity、角加速度angularacceleration矢量积vectorproduct点积dotproduct极惯性矩polarmomentofinertiainfinitesimalamount无穷小量definiteintegral定积分acertainintervaloftime某一时间段kineticenergy动能potentialenergy势能conservativeforce保守力dampingforce阻尼力coefficientofdamping阻尼系数freevibration自由振动periodicdisturbance周期性扰动viscousforce粘性力forcedvibration强迫震动generalsolution通解particularsolution特解transientsolution瞬态解steadystatesolution稳态解secondorderpartialdifferentialequation二阶偏微分方程externalforce外力internalforce内力stresscomponent应力分量stateofstress应力状态coordinateaxes坐标系conditionsofequilibrium平衡条件bodyforce体力continuummechanics连续介质力学displacementcomponent位移分量additionalrestrictions附加约束compatibilityconditions相容条件mathematicalformulations数学公式isotropicmaterial各向同性材料sufficientsmall充分小stateofstrain应变状态dilatationstrain膨胀应变thefirststraininvariant第一应变不变量deviatorstresscomponents应力偏量分量thefirstinvariantofstresstensor应力张量的第一不变量unitmatrix单位矩阵bulkmodulus体积模量constitutiverelations本构关系（材料的应变张量与应力张量的关系）linearelasticmaterial线弹性材料mathematicalderivation数学推导astateofstaticequilibrium静力平衡状态Newton’sfirstlawofmotion牛顿第一运动定律directlyproportionalto与……成正比stressconcentrationfactor应力集中系数stateofloading载荷状态Stvenant’principle圣维南原理uniaxialtension单轴拉伸cylindricalcoordinates柱坐标bucklingofcolumns柱的屈曲criticalbucklingload临界屈曲载荷criticalvalue临界值criticalload临界载荷stableequilibrium稳态平衡unstableequilibriumcondition不稳定平衡条件aslendercolumn细长杆fixedatthelowerend下端固定freeattheupperend上端自由fixedatbothends两端固定hingedatbothends两端铰支tubularmember管型杆件stabilityofcolumn柱的稳定ellipticalhole椭圆孔transversedimension横向尺寸axialforce轴向力planestress平面应力nominalstress名义应力principalstressdirections主应力方向axialcompression轴向压缩dynamicloading动载荷dynamicproblem动力学问题inertiaforce惯性力resonancevibration谐振staticstatesofstress静态应力dynamicresponse动力响应timeofcontact接触时间lengthofwave波长resonancefrequency谐振频率