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2006,23(5):466477ChineseBulletinofBotany:(No.30470866)*Authorforcorrespondence.E-mail:chongk@ibcas.ac.cn,100093GARFGEFGAP(PIN1)(AUX1),,GROPPIN2G,G,,GTPaseCurrentResearchAdvancesonPolarAuxinTransportinPlantJunhuaLi,KangChong*KeyLaboratoryofPhotosynthesisandEnvironmentalMolecularPhysiology,InstituteofBotany,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100093,ChinaAbstractPolarauxintransport(PAT),auniqueprocessinplantmodulatesorganogenesis,developmentandtropicresponse.HerewereviewedtheregulationmechanismofPATbasedonrecentresearchprogresses.Evidencesonmoleculargeneticsandphysiologysupportahypothesisthattheprocessisdependedonactivi-tiesofauxininfluxandeffluxfacilitators.AsymmetricdistributionandactivitiesoftheeffluxfacilitatorPIN1andtheinfluxfacilitatorAUX1areimpactedbyaguanine-nucleotideexchangefactor(GEF)fortheADP-ribosylationfactor(ARF)andARF-GTPaseactivatingprotein(ARF-GAP),respectively,whichareinvolvedinGolgistacksmediatedvesicletrafficking.TheactivityofeffluxfacilitatorPIN2ismodulatedalsobyROP,asmallGproteininArabidopsis.AhypothesisabouttheregulationofpolarauxintransportationbyARFissuggested.Keywordspolarauxintransport,smallGTPase,GTPexchangefactor(GEF),GTPaseactivctingprotein(GAP)(Lomax,1995),,(polarauxintransport,PAT),,,.4672006:(vasculardifferentiation)(apicaldominance)(tropicgrowth),,(Friml,2003),,,(Jones,1998);,;,,,,(1),,,,(,2005),G,(Went,1974),(),-(donor-receiveragarblockmethod),,,,,,,520mm.h1(Lomaxetal.,1995)(MorrisandThomas,1978),(,acropetallytransport),,,(,basipetallytransport)(Rashotteetal.,2000),,(Blilouetal.,2005)(RuberyandSheldrake,1974;DaviesandRubery,1978),2H+/IAA(Lomaxetal.,1985;Benning,1986)PAT,1(Marchantetal.,1999,)Fig.1Modelofauxintransportinroot46823(5),,PAT2070(RuberyandSheldrake,1974;Raven,1975),:-3-(IAA)(pKa=4.8),(pH5.5),,,;,,,;pHAVP1,(Lietal.,2005b),PIN8,PATPIN,Atpin1PIN(Goto,1987),,(Okadaetal.,1991)AtPIN112,,PIN1,PAT(Gälweileretal.,1998)AtPIN2/EIR/AGR,pin2,PAT(Chenetal.,1998;Luschnigetal.,1998;Mülleretal.,1998;Utsunoetal.,1998)AtPIN2,5--,(Luschnigetal.,1998)AtPIN2(Chenetal.,1998)AtPIN2NAA,NAA,pin2NAA,(Mülleretal.,1998;FrimlandPalme,2002)PIN2,,(Mülleretal.,1998;Ottenschlageretal.,2003;Shinetal.,2005)pin3,,(apicalhook)(Frimletal.,2002b);AtPIN3(endodermis),(columella)(Frimletal.,2002b),PIN3,PIN3(Frimletal.,2002b)PIN4(Frimletal.,2002a)PIN7(Frimletal.,2003;Blilouetal.,2005),PIN,(patternformation)(Benkovaetal.,2003;Reinhardt,2003;Kramer,2004;Blilouetal.,2005)(Liuetal.,1993),pin1,PIN14692006:,PIN(Benkovaetal.,2003;Blilouetal.,2005),,PIN1,,,(Benkovaetal.,2003);,,PIN1(Benkovaetal.,2003)PIN,(Blilouetal.,2005):PIN1,PIN3PIN4PIN7,,PIN2,PIN2PIN3PIN7,(reflux),PIN1(1),,(Benkovaetal.,2003;Frimletal.,2003;Blilouetal.,2005)PIN,P(P-glycoprotein),(mammalianmultidrug-resistance/P-glycoproteins(MDR/PGPs))(GeislerandMurphy,2006)AtPGP1AtPGP19,(Nohetal.,2001;Geisleretal.,2005;Petraseketal.,2006)PGPPIN(Blakesleeetal.,2005)AUX11974(RuberyandSheldrake,1974),,(Goldsmith,1977),,IAA/2H+(Lomax,1995)AUX1AUX1,,(Bennettetal.,1996;Marchantetal.,1999;Marchantetal.,2002)AUX1,IAA(Bennettetal.,1996),(Chenetal.,1998;Galweileretal.,1998;Luschnigetal.,1998;Utsunoetal.,1998),AUX1aux1IAA,,NAA2,4-DNAA,,,,;2,4-DNAA,,aux1IAA47023(5);NAAIAA2,4-Daux1,NAA,AUX1NAA,IAA2,4-D,AUX1(YamamotoandYamamoto,1998;Marchantetal.,1999),NAAaux1,(Parryetal.,2001),(Xenopusoocyte)AUX1(high-affinity)(Yangetal.,2006)(epitopetagging)AUX1(Swarupetal.,2001),AUX1AtPIN1()(),,AUX1,aux1,AUX1,IAA(Swarupetal.,2001),,(Beanetal.,1968;GutknechtandWalte,1980)(KramerandBennett,2006)(KramerandBennett,2006);,,,,,15(Swarupetal.,2005),,,,aux1IAA2,4-D,aux1(YamamotoandYamamoto,1998),,(auxineffluxinhibitor,AEI)NPA,NPA(Morrisetal.,1991),NPA,NPAtir3,NPA,,tir3(Rueggeretal.,1997)BUD1/MKK7(MAPkinasekinase7),(Daietal.,2006)ARF(ADPribosylationfactor)RopG(smallGTPases),(cellulartrafficking)GG,,2030kD,(2A)(Yang,2002)G5,RasRhoRabArfRan,Ras,RhoMAP,RabArf,Ran4712006:RNA(,2005)ARF(ADP-ribosylationfactor)RasG,GsADP(KahnandGilman,1986)COPI,,COPI(KahnandGilman,1986)ARF,GTP,,G,,;GDP,ARFCOPI;ARFGTP,,,ARFGTPase(BomanandKahn,1995)GTPase,G,(GTPexchangefactors,GEFs),GGTP,G:,GTPaseGTPGDPPi;,GTPase(GAPs),GGTP,G,,G,GGEF,G(GDI),GGTPase(2B)(Yang,2002)GNOMGARFGTP(ARF-GEF),,(Steinmannetal.,1999;Geldneretal.,2001)GNOM2G(Yang,2002)Fig.2ConservedstructureandregulationofsmallGTPases(Yang,2002)47223(5)BrefeldinA(BFA,),AtPIN1(Steinmannetal.,1999)BFAPIN1(,internalization),,PIN1,BFA,AtPIN1(Geldneretal.,2001),PIN1PIN3,(Geldneretal.,2001;Friml,2003;Geldneretal.,2003),TIBANPA,(Geldneretal.,2001;Petraseketal.,2003)TIR3(Giletal.,2001)GNOMBFAPIN1,PIN1(Geldneretal.,2003)SFCPIN1(Sieburthetal.,2006)SFCADPGTP(ARF-GAP),sfc,,,BFAPIN1(Sieburthetal.,2006)RhoGTPaseG,,RhoGTPase,11ROPGTPase,AtROP(Rho)(ZhengandYang,2000)ROP2PIN2,(Lietal.,2005a)ARF1,ROP2PIN2(XuandScheres,2005a)ROPARP2/3,ROPARFs(XuandScheres,2005b)PIN,PIN,,(Pacioreketal.,2005),PIDPIN(Frimletal.,2004)(flavonol),AEI(NPA)(Peeretal.,2004)PLETHORA,SHORTROOTSCARECROWPIN,(Xuetal.,2006)AUX1AXR4,AUX1,PINAXR4AUX1,(Dharmasirietal.,2006)OsAGAP(GTPaseactivatingprotein,GAP),ARF-GAP,ARF-GTP