海洋植物木果楝种子化学成分的研究霍长虹,尹宝伟,沈立茹,赵雷,董玫,史清文,王永利(河北医科大学药学院,河北石家庄050017)摘要:目的研究海洋植物木果楝XylocarpusgranatumKoenig种子的化学成分。方法采用色谱法分离,根据化合物理化性质和波谱分析鉴定其结构;用MTT法测定单体化合物的抗肿瘤活性。结果从木果楝种子中分离鉴定了16个化合物,分别为过氧化麦角甾醇(1),xylocarpinG(2),xylocarpinH(又名granaxylocarpinB,3),xylogranatinC(4),3β-detigloyoxy-2′-methylbutanoyloxyxylogranatinB(5),xylogranatinD(6),hispidolB(7),东莨菪葶(8),-谷甾醇(9),胡萝卜苷(10),xylomexicaninA(11),odoratone(12),xylomexicaninB(13),piscidinolG(14),spicatin(15),7-deacetyl-7-oxogedunin(16)。结论化合物11和13为新化合物,化合物1,7,8,12和14为首次从木果楝属植物中分离得到,化合物16为首次从木果楝中分离得到。化合物3,4,11,14对人肿瘤细胞株HLE,Hela,KT显示了不同程度的抑制活性。关键词:木果楝;种子;化学成分;MTT木果楝XylocarpusgranatumKoenig为一种生长在热带沿海地带的海洋红树林植物,属楝科木果楝属,主要分布于亚洲和非洲的热带海岸及大洋洲北部,在我国海南省亦有分布。海南民间用其种皮治赤痢,种仁用作滋补品[1]。在东南亚国家民间用其治疗腹泻,霍乱和由疟疾引起的发烧,还可用做昆虫据食剂[2]。戴好富等报道木果楝的醋酸乙酯提取物对肿瘤HeLa细胞生长具有抑制活性[3]。为研究与开发该植物的有效成分,我们对其化学成分进行了研究,此论文报道从木果楝种子中分离并鉴定了16个化合物:过氧化麦角甾醇(1),xylocarpinG(2),xylocarpinH(又名granaxylocarpinB,3),xylogranatinC(4),3β-detigloyoxy-2′-methyl-butanoyloxyxylogranatinB(5),xylogranatinD(6),hispidolB(7),东莨菪葶(8),-谷甾醇(9),胡萝卜苷(10),xylomexicaninA(11),odoratone(12),xylomexicaninB(13),piscidinolG(14),spicatin(15),7-deacetyl-7-oxogedunin(16)。其中化合物11和13为新化合物,1,7,8,12和14为首次从木果楝属植物中分离得到,16为首次从木果楝中分离得到。同时采用MTT法评价了单体化合物对人肿瘤细胞株HLE,Hela,KT的抑制作用,3,4,11和14对上述细胞显示了不同程度的抑制活性。1仪器与材料X4型显微熔点测定仪(温度未校正);APEXⅡ型傅立叶变换离子回旋质谱仪;VarianINOVA-500型核磁共振波谱仪(TMS为内标);Waters制备高效液相色谱仪(600泵和2487紫外检测器,Whatmanpartisil10ODS-2,9.5×250mm);薄层色谱及柱色谱用硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂产品)。木果楝种子采于海南省,由厦门大学生命科学学院王文卿教授鉴定为X.granatum。2提取与分离木果楝种子粗粉3kg,用95%乙醇渗漉提取,渗漉液减压浓缩后用适量水溶解,依次以石油醚、二氯甲烷、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,得到相应萃取物。二氯甲烷萃取物65.8g经硅胶柱色谱分离(石油醚-丙酮梯度洗脱),共得到10个部份(Fr.1~10)。Fr.2经反复重结晶得到化合物9(124.6mg)。Fr.3经反复硅胶柱色谱分离纯化得化合物1(4.6mg)。Fr.5析出白色晶体,再经制备HPLC(甲醇:水=60:40)纯化得到化合物3(35.0mg)和化合物11(10.0mg)。Fr.10经反复重结晶得到化合物10(216.0mg)。Fr.6经反复硅胶柱色谱和葡聚糖凝胶色谱分离纯化得化合物4(105.1mg),5(70.2mg),12(35.0mg)和16(38.1mg)。Fr.7经反复硅胶柱色谱和制备HPLC纯化得化合物2(7.6mg),6(14.7mg),13(3.2mg)。Fr.9经反复硅胶柱色谱和葡聚糖凝胶色谱分离纯化得化合物7(4.5mg),8(4.6mg),14(8.2mg),15(60.0mg)。3结构鉴定化合物1:白色针状晶体(丙酮);1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.81(3H,s,H-18),0.81(3H,d,J=6.8Hz,H-21),0.83(3H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-27),0.88(3H,s,H-19),0.91(3H,d,J=7.0Hz,H-26),1.00(3H,d,J=6.5Hz,H-28),3.96(1H,m,H-3),5.13(1H,dd,J=15.5,8.0Hz,H-22),5.22(1H,dd,J=15.5,7.5Hz,H-23),6.25(1H,d,J=8.5Hz,H-6),6.51(1H,d,J=8.5Hz,H-7)。13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:34.6(C-1),30.1(C-2),66.4(C-3),36.9(C-4),82.1(C-5),135.4(C-6),130.7(C-7),79.4(C-8),51.0(C-9),36.9(C-10),23.4(C-11),39.3(C-12),44.5(C-13),51.6(C-14),20.6(C-15),28.6(C-16),56.1(C-17),12.8(C-18),18.2(C-19),39.7(C-20),20.9(C-21),135.2(C-22),132.3(C-23),42.7(C-24),33.0(C-25),19.9(C-26),19.6(C-27),17.5(C-28)。以上数据与文献报道的过氧化麦角甾醇一致[4]。化合物2:白色粉末(甲醇),UV(甲醇)maxnm215;1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.82(3H,s,H-28),1.07(3H,s,H-19),1.21(3H,s,H-18),1.26(3H,s,H-29),1.40(1H,dd,J=13.5,8.5Hz,H-12β),1.79(1H,m,H-11β),1.80(3H,d,J=8.5Hz,H-4′),1.78(3H,m,H-5′),1.90(s,3-OCOCH3),2.14(1H,m,H-9),2.16(1H,d,J=16.5Hz,H-6b),2.17(1H,m,H-12α),2.38(1H,m,H-11α),2.39(1H,dd,J=16.5,10.0Hz,H-6a),2.70(1H,d,J=10.0Hz,H-5),2.97(1H,dd,J=9.0,4.5Hz,H-2),3.70(3H,s,7-OCH3),4.98(1H,s,H-17),5.10(1H,d,J=9.0Hz,H-3),5.56(1H,d,J=4.5Hz,H-30),6.03(1H,s,H-15),6.42(1H,s,H-22),6.84(1H,m,H-3′),7.41(1H,s,H-23),7.49(1H,s,H-21)。13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:107.4(C-1),53.1(C-2),74.0(C-3),37.6(C-4),40.8(C-5),32.0(C-6),174.0(C-7),81.2(C-8),51.5(C-9),42.9(C-10),14.8(C-11),24.9(C-12),39.0(C-13),160.1(C-14),117.4(C-15),163.8(C-16),81.5(C-17),19.4(C-18),20.9(C-19),119.9(C-20),141.2(C-21),109.9(C-22),142.8(C-23),24.5(C-28),21.9(C-29),76.5(C-30),51.9(7-OCH3),166.9(C-1′),127.8(C-2′),138.6(C-3′),11.9(C-4′),14.5(C-5′),170.2(3-OCOCH3),20.4(3-OCOCH3)。以上数据与文献报道的xylocarpinG一致[5]。化合物3:白色针状晶体(丙酮);UV(甲醇)maxnm215;HREI-MSm/z582.2471(calcdfor[M]+582.2465)。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.97(3H,s,H-18),1.03(3H,d,J=5.0Hz,H-19),1.13(3H,s,H-29),1.20(3H,s,H-28),1.63(1H,m,H-12α),1.83(3H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-4′),1.85(3H,s,H-5′),2.28(1H,m,H-6a),2.30(1H,m,H-5),2.30(1H,m,H-10),2.47(1H,m,H-6b),2.53(1H,m,H-11α),2.69(1H,m,H-12β),3.08(1H,dd,J=17.5,7.0Hz,H-11β),3.69(3H,s,7-OCH3),3.89(1H,s,8-OH),5.34(1H,s,H-17),6.09(1H,s,H-15),6.47(1H,s,H-22),6.60(1H,s,H-30),6.96(1H,m,H-3′),7.01(1H,s,H-3),7.45(1H,s,H-23),7.56(1H,s,H-21)。13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:198.8(C-1),128.8(C-2),161.9(C-3),36.8(C-4),45.2(C-5),34.6(C-6),173.4(C-7),80.3(C-8),208.8(C-9),42.8(C-10),33.0(C-11),25.5(C-12),38.3(C-13),163.5(C-14),118.4(C-15),163.3(C-16),80.1(C-17),18.5(C-18),11.6(C-19),119.7(C-20),141.4(C-21),109.8(C-22),143.2(C-23),27.9(C-28),20.5(C-29),67.5(C-30),52.0(7-OCH3),166.8(C-1′),127.7(C-2′),139.9(C-3′),12.1(C-4′),14.7(C-5′)。以上数据与文献报道的xylocarpinH(在文献[6]中命名为granaxylocarpinB)一致[5]。化合物4:白色晶体(甲醇),UV(甲醇)maxnm214;1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.98(3H,s,H-18),1.04(3H,d,J=6.0Hz,H-19),1.12(3H,s,H-29),1.21(3H,s,H-28),1.65(1H,dd,J=13.5,7.0Hz,H-12α),2.11(3H,s,30-OCOCH3),2.27(1H,m,H-6a),2.28(1H,m,H-10),2.29(1H,m,H-5),2.47(1H,m,H-6b),2.51(1H,m,H-11α),2.61(1H,m,H-12β),3.03(1H,dd,J=19.5,6.0Hz,H-11β),3.69(3H,s,7-OCH3),3.89(1H,s,8-OH),5.34(1H,s,H-17),6.18(1H,s,H-15),6.46(1H,d,J=1.5Hz,H-22),6.54(1H,s,H-30),7.00(1H,s,H-3),7.44(1H,d,J=1.5Hz,H-23),7.55(1H,s,H-21)。13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:198.8(C-1)