冠词与介词的用法讲解及练习

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冠词与介词的用法讲解一、冠词分类及其用法1.冠词的分类不定冠词:a和an冠词定冠词:the零冠词:不使用冠词2.不定冠词的用法(1)a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前.Ausefulbookan用在以元音音素开头的单词前.Anegg(2)基本用法:指人或事物的某一种类e.g.Sheisagirl.她是女孩.Thisisadesk.这是一张书桌.(3)泛指某人或者某物,但又不具体说明何人何物.e.g.Icanseeakite.我能看见一只风筝AboyisinGrade1.(4)表示“数量”,“有一”“每一”的意思.e.g.Wehavesixclassesaday.我们一天上六节课.(5)表示“同一”,相当于thesamee.gThetwoboysareof___an___age.Cottonof___a___kindwasstoredtogether.(6)用于某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”.e.gThatis__a__greentea.Theywerecaughtin__a___heavyrain.apleasure/asuccess/afailure(7)用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个.e.g______A__Mr.Liisaskingtoseeyouattheschoolgate.(8)否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常用借助于不定冠词a/an.a/an+比较级e.g.---Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?---Oh,I’veneverseenaworseone.3.定冠词的用法(1)基本用法:“特指”.特指某(些)人或者某(些)事物,以便与其他的人或物有所区别.e.g.ThebookonthedeskisJim’s.书桌上的那本书是吉姆的.Thechairsarethere.椅子在那里.(2)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物.e.g.Whereisthekite?风筝在哪儿?(双方都知道指的是哪只风筝.)Openthedoor,please.请把门打开.(双方都知道要打开哪扇门.)(3)在叙述中,上文提到过的人或者事物,再次出现时.e.g.A:Icanseeakite.我看见一只风筝B:Whereisthekite?这个风筝在里?(4)用在姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人”e.g.theBlacks布来克一家(5)用在宇宙间独一无二的天体名词之前.e.g.thesuntheskythemoontheearth(6)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same前.e.g.Iliveonthesecondfloor.我住在二楼Skatingisthebestsportinwinter.滑冰是冬天最好的运动(7)用在某些建筑物和旅馆的名称之前.ThePalaceMuseum(故宫)TheSummerPalace(颐和园)(8)在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。theChangjangRiver长江/theHudsonRiver哈得孙河/theWestLake西湖(9)用在表示乐器的名词之前.e.g.playtheviolinplaythepiano(10)用在一些习惯用语中e.g.inthedayinthemorning/afternoon/eveningthedaybeforetomorrow/yesterdaythenextmorning/week/month/yearinthesky/water/field/country4.零冠词的用法(1)名词前有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词和“S”所有格时。e.g.OurbooksthoseapplesJim’spen(2)复数名词在表示一类人或者事物时。e.g.Theyareteachers.他们是老师。(3)在专有名词前e.g.ChinaEngland(4)在星期、月份、带day的节日前e.g.onSundayinAugustonChildren’sDay/woman’sday请区别:inthespringof1945(特指,加the)(5)三餐前不加冠词,但特指须加,有时也可以加a表示一顿。e.g.havesupperWhatdoyouusuallyhaveforlunch?Wehadareallygooddinner.(特指)(6)在一些固定搭配中e.g.atnight,gotoschool,attable,bybike,atwork,gotobedatschool,athome,watchTV,playfootball/basketball(7)表示独一无二的职位、职务的名词用作表语、同位语或补足语时,常见名词有president,chairman,mayor,head,boss,secretary,leader,monitor等。e.g.Hewasmademonitoryesterday.(8)表示交通工具的名词与by连用.当bike,car,taxi,bus,train,foot,ship等与介词by连用,表示一种交通手段是,不用the。e.g.Didyoucomebackbyplaneorbytrain?注意:还有bywater,byland,bysea,byair,onfoot,Onhorseback等。但takeabus,onthebike,inaboat等需加冠词。(9)两个名词同指一个人或事物时,后面的名词前不用冠词.e.gTheteacherandwriterhascometothemeeting.(10)表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词*inpurple紫色*inred*inEnglish/Chinese*inBritain二、介词的用法1.时间介词in/at/on(1)介词in表示较长时间如:世纪、年代、年份、月份、季节、上午/下午/晚上以及一些习惯用法。e.g.in1999/inWinter/inthemorning(2)介词at表示某一时间点如:钟点、年龄、中午/夜晚/子夜、就餐时间或其它的习惯用法。e.g.at2:30/attheageof25/atmidday/Atdinnertime(3)介词on表示某一天或者特定的时间如:星期、某月某日、某年某月某日、含Day的节日、有修饰上午/下午/晚上以及一些习惯用法。2.地点介词in/on/atIn[表示地点、场所、位置等]在…里面;在…内部;在…上:例句:intheroomon在…表面上,在…之上:例句:aglassonthedeskat[表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间]在(某地),在…里;在…上;在…旁,接近…,靠近(某处):例句:athome在家attheoffice在办公室over在……的正上方,垂直上方,不接触表面above在……上方,不强调是否垂直练习:1.Look!Thereisabridge__theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg___theplate?A.onB.atC.over3.Welive___asmallbookstore.A.onB.overC.above5.Thesunrose___thehorizon(地平线).A.onB.aboveC.over注意:on接触平面over在平面的正上方above在上方under在……正下方(是on,over的反义词)below在……下方,不强调垂直,是above的反义词6.Thetemperaturewillfall__zeroatnight.A.belowB.aboveC.over7.Theywereplayingchess__thetree.A.onB.aboveC.Under注意:infrontof是在物体外部的前面inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面e.g.Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.教室前有个花园。Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前有张桌子。3.运动介词through从内部穿过across横穿up向上down向下over越过round环绕,在……周围4.方位介词in/on/to①.如果前者在后者的范围之内,则用ine.g.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海在中国范围之内,所以用in②.如果前者不在后者范围之内,但是两者相邻/接壤,则用one.g.JiangxiliesontheeastofHunan.江西并不在湖南范围之内,但是两省相邻,所以用on③.如果前者不在后者范围之内,而且也不相邻,则用toe.g.JiangxiliestothewestofShanghai.江西不在上海范围之内,而且两地也不相邻,所以用to练习:1.Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongoliais___thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.To一、单项选择题1.After_______supper,hestayedat_______homeandplayed_______violin(小提琴).A.the,/,theB./,/,theC./,the,/D.a,the,the2.Todayis_______Sunday.Itis_______firstdayof_______week.A./,a,theB./,the,aC.the,a,/D.a,/,the3.Theboysandgirlsoftenplay_______volleyballin_______afternoon.A./,anB.the,anC./,theD.a,the4._______ChangjiangRiveris_______longestin_______China,andoneof_______longestriversin_______world.A.The,the,/,/,theB./,the,/,the,/C.The,the,/,the,theD./,a,/,the,the5.Thereis_______orangetreebehind_______house.A.an,theB.a,aC.the,theD.an,/6._______SummerPalaceisoneof_______mostbeautifulparksintheworld.A.The,/B./,theC.The,aD.The,the7.Ionlystayedtherefor_______,andthenwenttoLondon.A.ahourandahalfB.ahourandhalfC.anhourandahalfD.anhourandanhalf8._______GreensgotoEnglandonce_______year.A.The,aB.The,theC.The,/D./,a9.Don’tgiveup,youmaytryfor_______thirdtime.A.aB.theC.anD./10.Theboyis_______American.Hecomesfrom_______UnitedStatesof_______America.A.an,an,anB.an,the,anC./,a,/D.an,the,/11.—_______GreensaregoingtotheparkthisSaturday.—Whydon’twegofor_______walk?A./,aB.A,aC.The,aD.An,/12.Weusuallyhaveatripin_______spring.Butin_______springof2002,wedidn’t.A.the,theB./,/C./,theD.The,/13._______suncan’tbeseenat_______night.A.A,aB.A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