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镇江市英才培训中心英语教研室走走进进英英语语语语法法系系列列教教材材之之（（十十五五））（内部资料）镇江市英才培训中心英语教研室-2-Part15虚拟语气一、知识结构树状图及诠释其他从句状语从句名词从句其他句型WishItis(high)timethat…wouldratherifonlybutfor/withoutor/orelse/otherwiseIf条件句对过去虚拟对现在虚拟对将来虚拟错综时间虚拟虚拟语气省略和倒装镇江市英才培训中心英语教研室-3-I.基本用法类别用法例句If引导的条件从句对现在虚拟从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.对过去虚拟从句动词：had+过去分词主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.对将来虚拟从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.状语从句asif引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.incase/lest/forfearthat引导的状语从句中动词用should+动词原形Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitshouldrain.名词从句wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…,等从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.在Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中，谓语动词用(should+)动词原形Itissuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.在demand,suggest,order,insist等后接的宾语从句中动词为(should+)动词原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.在suggestion,order,demand等后接的表语或同位语从句中，动词为(should+)动词原形Hissuggestionisthatwenotchangeourmind.其它句型Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形It’shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!镇江市英才培训中心英语教研室-4-II.需要注意的几个问题：2.1错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：Ifyou’dlistenedtome,youwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。2．2含蓄虚拟条件句所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。2.2.1.将条件隐含在不定式短语中Iwouldwritetoher,butIdon’tknowheraddress.。(=IfIknewheraddress,Iwouldwritetoher.But…)我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址Tohavestudiedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexamination.(=Ifyouhadstudiedharder,you…)你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。2.2.2.将条件隐含在分词短语中Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.(=Ifhehadbeenborninbettertimes,hewould…)如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。Failingthistime,whatwouldyoudo？(=Ifyoufailedthistime,whatwould…)假若这次失败，那你怎么办？Walkingaloneinthedark,Marywouldbeterrified.(IfMarywalkedaloneinthedark,she…)要一个人单独在黑暗中行走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。镇江市英才培训中心英语教研室-5-2.2.3.将条件隐含在介词短语中Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(=Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,we…)如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。Indifferentcircumstances,Iwouldhavesaidyes.(=Ifcircumstanceshadbeendifferent,Iwould…)在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。2.2.4.将条件隐含在名词短语中Anypersonwhohadbehavedinthatwaywouldhavebeendismissed.(=Ifanypersonshouldbehaveinthatway…,hewould…)任何人这样做了都会被开除。Afewhoursearlier,andyouwouldhaveseenthefamouswriter.(Ifyouhadcomeafewhoursearlier,you…)要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。2.2.5.将条件隐含在某些连词中Ididn’tknowthathewasacheat,orelseIwouldn’thavebelievedhim.(orelse=ifIhadknownhewasacheat)我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。I’mreallyverybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygotherewithyou.(otherwise=ifIwerenotsobusy)我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。2.2.6.将条件隐含在定语从句中Anyonewhohadseenthatpaintingmighthavetakenitforaphoto.(=Ifanyonehadseenthatpainting…)凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。2.2.7.将条件隐含在一定的上下文中镇江市英才培训中心英语教研室-6-Youmightstayhereforever.(=Ifyouwantedto,youmight…)你可以永远待在这儿。Don’tbothertoreadallthesepapers.Itwouldtaketoolong.(=…Ifyoureadallthesepapers,Itwouldtaketoolong)不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。2．3虚拟语气的省略与倒装2.3.1省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were,should,had等提到句首：WereITom,Iwouldrefuse.如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。Iwillgo,shoulditbenecessary.假若有必要，我会去的。Haditnotbeenforthebadweatherwewouldhavearrivedintime.若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。【注】①若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,had等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：HadItime,Iwouldcome.假若我有时间，我会来的。(=IfIhadtime…)2.3.2省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：Ifrepairedearlier,thetractorwouldnothavebrokendown.(=Ifithadbeenrepairedearlier…)要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。2.3.3省略“it+be”Ifnecessary,Iwouldsendmorefarm-handstohelpyou.(=Ifitwasnecessary,Iwould…)如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。镇江市英才培训中心英语教研室-7-二、实践练习1.IfI____wherehelived,I____anotetohim.A.knew,wouldB.hadknown,wouldhavesentC.know,wouldsendD.knew,wouldhavesent2.Ifthey____earlierthanexpected,they____herenow.A.hadstarted,wouldbeB.started,mightbeC.hadstarted,wouldhavebeenD.willstart,mighthavebeen3.Ididn’tknowhistelephonenumber.____it,I____then.A.HadIknown,wouldringhimupB.ShouldIknow,wouldhaverunghimupC.IfIknew;wouldringhimupD.HadIknown;wouldhaverunghimup4.Maryisilltoday.Ifshe_____,she____absentfromschool.A.werenotill;wouldn'tbeB.hadbeenill;wouldn'thavebeenC.hadbeenill;shouldhavebeenD.hadn'tbeenill;couldbe5.WereItodoit,I________itsomeotherway.A.willdoB.woulddoC.wouldhavedoneD.weretodo6.I________himtheanswer________possible,butIwassobusythen.A.couldtell;ifithadbeenB.musthavetold;wereitC.shouldhavetold;haditbeenD.shouldhavetold;shoulditbe7.Withoutyourhelp,we________somuch.A.won'tachieveB.didn'tachieveC.don'tachieveD.wouldn'thaveachieved8.Youdidn'ttakehisadvice.________hisadvice,you________suchamistake.A.Hadyoutaken;wouldn'thavemadeB.Ifyouhadtaken;wouldmakeC.Wereyoulotake;shouldn’thavemadeD.Haveyoutaken;wonthavemade9.Wewishwe____whatyoudidwhenwewereathighschool.A.didB.couldhavedoneC.havedoneD.shoulddo10.Shewishesshe____tothetheatrelastn