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北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)京航1单位代码10006学号12988800123分类号密级毕业综述数控车零件工艺设计及NC编程学习中心名称北航校本部专业名称机械工程及自动化专业学生姓名指导教师2014年9月15日北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)京航2数控车零件工艺设计及NC编程摘要随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，数控加工技术对国计民生的一些重要行业（IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等）的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率，提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。而对于数控加工,无论是手工编程还是自动编程，在编程前都要对所加工的零件进行工艺分析，拟定加工方案，选择合适的刀具，确定切削用量，对一些工艺问题(如对刀点、加工路线等)也需做一些处理。并在加工过程掌握控制精度的方法,才能加工出合格的产品。数控车床种类较多，但主体结构都是由：车床主体、数控装置、伺服系统三大部分组成。NC编程就是将加工零件的加工顺序、刀具运动轨迹的尺寸数据、工艺参数（主运动和进给运动速度、切削深度）以及辅助操作（换刀、主轴正反转、冷却液开关、刀具夹紧、松开等）加工信息，用规定的文字、数字、符号组成的代码，按一定格式编写成加工程序。数控机床程序编制过程主要包括：分析零件图纸、工艺处理、数学处理、编写零件程序、程序校验。关键词：数控，车床，编程，加工北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)京航3AbstractExpandsunceasinglyalongwiththedevelopmentofNCtechnologyandapplicationfield,someofthemajorindustriesoftheNCmachiningtechnologyofbeneficialtothepeople'slivelihood(IT,automobile,lightindustry,medicalandsoon)playsamoreandmoreimportantroleinthedevelopment,becausetheefficiency,qualityisthesubjectofadvancedmanufacturingtechnology.Highspeed,highprecisionmachiningtechnologycangreatlyimproveefficiency,improveproductqualityandgrade,shortentheproductioncycleandimprovethemarketcompetitiveability.ForCNCmachining,eithermanualorautomaticprogramming,theprogrammingbeforegoingthroughtheprocessanalysisofthepartsprocessing,processingschemeworked,chooseasuitabletool,determinetheamountofcutting,someprocessproblems(suchastheknifepoint,processingrouteetc)alsoneedtodosomeprocessing.Andcontroltheaccuracyofthemethodintheprocess,toproducequalifiedproducts.CNClathetypearemany,butthemainstructureiscomposedofthreeparts:Mainlathe,numericalcontroldevice,servosystem.NCprogrammingistheprocessingpartsoftheprocessingorder,tooltrajectorysizedata,processparameters(mainmovementandfeedvelocity,cuttingdepth)andauxiliaryoperation(ATC,spindlepositiveinversion,coolantswitch,releasethetoolclamping,etc.)theprocessingofinformation,consistingwiththeprovisionsofthetext,numbers,symbolscode,preparedaccordingtoacertainformatintoprocessingprocedures.ProcessofNCmachineprogrammainlyinclude:analysisofpartsdrawings,process,mathematicalprocessing,writingpartprogram,programverification.Keywords:CNClathes,machining,programming,北京航空航天大学毕业设计(论文)京航4一、引言........................................................................................................................................................5二、数控概述................................................................................................................................................51数控系统的发展..........................................................................................................................52机床的发展趋势..........................................................................................................................5三、数控加工工艺........................................................................................................................................61数控加工工艺内容的选择..........................................................................................................62数控加工工艺的主要内容..........................................................................................................7四、数控编程方法........................................................................................................................................71数控编程的基本概念..................................................................................................................72数控编程步骤..............................................................................................................................82数控车床程序的编制..................................................................................................................9五、刀具及切削用量..................................................................................................................................101选择数控刀具的原则................................................................................................................102选择数控车削用刀具.................................................................................................................113设置刀点和换刀点....................................................................................................................124确定切削用量............................................................................................................................12六、夹具的选择、工件装夹方法的确定...................................................................................................121夹具的选择................................................................................................................................122夹具的类型................................................................................................................................133零件的安装................................................................................................................................13七、零件加工编程实例...............................................................................................................................141零件的工艺分析......................................................