小学介词专题

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介词一、介词的定义和分类1、定义:介词是一种虚词。不能在句子中担当成分,需要和名词、代词等构成介词短语,才能担当句子成分。2、分类时间介词:inatonbeforeafter方位介词:in,on,at,over,above,below,under,behind动词介词:to,at,on,over,below,under,behind动向介绍:by,on,with原因介词:offor练习:1,Wewenttothecountry()averycoldmorning.A.atB.inC.onD.of2,Chinalies()theeastofAsiaand()thenorthofAustralia.A.to;toB.in;toC.to;inD.in;on3,Ididn'tgototheparkwithmyclassmates,becausemymotheraskedmeto()mylittlesisterathome.A.lookafterB.lookatC.lookforD.looklike4,Ifyouareabletogettheticketstomorrow,pleasetellme()phone.A.atB.byC.onD.through5,Lyonwantedtobeasoldierandhisdreamcametrue()November25th,2008.A.inB.duringC.onD.at二、表示时间的介词1、at1)表示具体的时刻,如:某一时刻或时间上的某一点。atseveno’clockathalfpasttwo2)固定搭配atnoon/night/midnight2、on1)具体的某一天onMondayonAugust8th,20082)某一天的上午、下午或晚上,onthenightofNationalDay3)具有某种特征的一天onarainyevening3、in1)用于表示世纪inthe21stcentury2)用于表示年、月或年月in2013inJanuaryinJuly,20133)表示周,inoneweek在一周内4)表示季节inspring5)泛指上午、下午或晚上inthemorning/afternoon/evening6)表示“过……之后”,未来时间inanhour在一个小时以后4、before在……之前before10o’clock5、after表示“在……之后”afterhalfpastsix6、until/till直到……为止(时间)until/tilltheendoftheyear7、for达……之久(常接一段时间)foranhourforthreeyears8、during从……期间(常接一段时间)duringthesummer9、from从……(时间)开始,固定搭配:from…to…fromonetoten10、since自从……以来时间从以前某时开始到现在仍在继续。(现在完成时)Ihaveplayedthepianosince2006.11、within不超过……的范围within5hours;withaweek三、表示场所、方向的介词1、in与at1)表示小地方用atatthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet2)表示大地方用ininShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,inspace3)常用搭配atafactory在工厂里inhospital住院inthehospital在医院里面(工作)atthedoor;attheairport;attheparty;attheschoolgate;atthecrossroads2、on,above,over,under,below的用法比较1)onA、在……上面(表面接触)onthedesk,onthewallB、表示“在靠近……的地方”ontherightontheleftC、常用搭配onthefarm在农场2)above在……上方(但不一定在正上方)abovethecloudsabovethetree3)over在……的正上方overtheseaovertheriver4)under在……的正下方underthechairunderthetree5)below在……的下面(但不一定在正上方)belowthebridge3、infrondof与inthefrondofinfrondof在……前面(外部)Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.inthefrondof在……前面(内部)Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.4、behind在……的后面(=atthebackof)Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.5、opposite在……的对面Ourschoolistheoppositeahospital.6、between、among、around1)between在两者之间betweenJimandTom.2)among在三者或三者以上的人或事物中。Heisverypopularamongthestudents.3)around“环绕,在……周围”Wesataroundthetable.我们围坐在桌旁。7、toforfrom1)to“到达……的地方/方向IamgoingonatriptoHongKong.2)for“向……(表示目的地,一般和固定搭配动词搭配)leavefor动身去……startfor出发去……3)from从……起(表示起点)HowfarisitfromGuangzhoutoNanjing?8、outof与into1)outof出来Theyrushedoutoftheroomexcitedly.他们很兴奋地冲出了房间。2)into进入Hejumpedintothewater.他跳进了水中。9、up向上Weclimbedupthehill.10、nextto,near,beside1)near表示“在……附近”,表示的距离比by和beside稍远些,也时常换用例:Thereisatheatrenearhishome.他家附近有一家剧院。2)nextto.紧邻着Thenewbuildingnexttothebookstoreisacinema.书店旁边的那幢新楼是一家电影院。3)beside在...近旁;在旁边Putyourshoesbesidemine.把你的鞋子放在我的鞋子旁边。练习:1.在广州_______Guangzhou2.在电影院_______thecinema3.在湖边_______thelake4.在海里_______thesea5.树上的苹果apples______thetree6.树上的小鸟birds______thetree7.在天空上______thesky8.在教室外_________theclassroom9.在农场上________thefarm10.在街道上________thestreet注:onthetree是指树上本来就有的东西,例如果实,花等...inthetree是指本身不属于树的东西藏在树里面了人呆在床上常用in,而东西在床上常用on三、其他介词1、with,in,by1)withA、和……一起CanIgowithyou?我能和你一起去吗?B、具有,带有Hewasahandsomeboywithlargebrighteyes.他是一个有着明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。C、用某种工具或方法Shecutherhandwithaknife.她用小刀把手划破了。2)inA、用什么材料(如墨水、铅笔)Shewrotealetterinblackink.她用黑色墨水写信。B、用……的语言inEnglish用英语C、表示衣着Theboyinblueismybrother.穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我的兄弟。3)by通过什么手段/方法Pleasesendtheletterbyairmail这封信请用航空邮寄。2、without,like,as1)without没有Ican’tfinishtheworkwithoutyourhelp.我不能完成这份工作没有你的帮忙。2)like像……一样Sheisjustlikehermother.她和她的妈妈一样。3)as作为Theytreatedmeasahero.他们像对待英雄那样对待我。四、常用介词短语一、介词的固定搭配1)介词和名词的连用2)动词和介词的连用atarriveat/in到达atfirst起初;开始getoff下车atlast最后helpsb.Withsth.帮组某人做某事atschool在上课,在上学askfor请求atthemoment此刻getup起床athome在家;无拘束laughat嘲笑atpresent现在learnfrom向……学习atwork上班,在工作lookafter照顾atthesametime同时lookfor寻找thinkfor想到onworryabout担心onduty值日listento听onholiday度假lookat看;注视ontime准时talkabout交谈;谈ontheleft/right在左/右边waitfor等候;等ontheradio在广播中thankfor为……而感谢onfoot步行onsale出售;降价出售3)形容词和介词连用onTV在电视上播放beafraidof害怕onthephone在电话中becarefulwith小心;关心ontheway在路上beinterestedin对……感兴趣begoodat善于inbeproudof感到自豪inall总体becrazyabout酷爱inclass在课堂上belatefor干某事迟到inEnglish用英语begoodfor对……有利inshort总之4)其他inahurry匆忙地by+交通工具intheend最后bybus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land…inbed躺在床上lotsof/alotof许多,大量indanger在危险中atmost至多infact事实上atleast至少intime及时地atonce立刻;马上inaminute立刻inorderto为了注:lookfor寻找lookat看;注视lookafter照顾ontime准时intime及时地练习:介词练习A()1.___theafternoonofMay,wevisitedtheoldman.A.OnB.AtC.In()2.Manypeoplework___thedayandsleep___night.A.on;atB.in;inC.in;at()3.HespeaksJapanesebest____theboystudents.A.betweenB.withC.among()4.Awolf___asheepskinisourdangerousenemy.A.withB.inC.on()5.Joanhopestocomeback___threedays.A.afterB.forC.in()6.Theysentthelettertome___mistake.A.byB.forC.with()7.Helefthome___acoldwinterevening.A.atB.onC.in()8.Shanghaiis____theeastofChina.A.inB.onC.to()9.____myfather’shelp,Ihavefinishedmycomposition.A.UnderB.OnC.with()10.He’sverystrict____himselfandhe’sverystrict___hiswork.A.with;inB.in;withC.with;with()11.Ireallycan’tagree____you.A.toB.onC.with()12.Th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