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名词解释ENGLISH&AMERICANLITERATURE--DEFINITIONOFTERMSEpic:Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.BeowulfisthegreatestnationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.JohnMiltonwrotethreegreatepics:ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegainedandSamsonAgonistes.Alliteration:reptitionoftheinitialletterorfirstsoundofseveralwords,markingstressedsyllablesinalineofpoetryorprose.Usedtoemphasizemeaningandthuscanbeeffectivelyemployedinoratory.Legend:Asongornarrativehandeddownfromthepast,legenddiffersfrommythsonthebasisoftheelementsofhistoricaltruththeycontain.Romance罗曼史/骑士文学:1)RomanceisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalEngland.2)Itsingsknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeeds.3)Chivalry(suchasbravery,honor,generosity,loyaltyandkindnesstotheweakandpoor)isthespiritofromance.Ballad（民谣）:1)Balladisastoryinpoeticformtobesungorrecited.2)Balladswerepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.3)RobinHoodisafamousballadsingingthegoodsofRobinHood.Coleridge’sTheRimeoftheAncientMarinerisa19thcenturyEnglishballad.TheHeroicCouplet(英雄双韵体)HeroiccoupletreferstotherhymedcoupletiniambicpentameterHeroiccoupletsarelinesofiambicpentameterthatrhymeinpairs(aa,bb,cc).TheHeroicCouplet:1)ItmeansapairoflinesofatypeoncecommoninEnglishpoetry,inotherwords,itmeansiambicpentameterrhymedintwolines.2)Therhymeismasculine.3)UseoftheheroiccoupletwasfirstpioneeredbyGeoffreyChaucer.Iambicpentameter:Apoeticlineconsistingoffiveversefeet,witheachfootaniamb—thatis,anunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable.IambicpentameteristhemostcommonverselineinEnglishpoetry.抑扬格五音步诗：一行诗包含五个音步，每个音步都是抑扬格。Sonnet(十四行诗)Definition:Asonnetisalyricpoemconsistingofasinglestanzaoffourteeniambicpentameterlines,restrictedtoadefiniterhymescheme.Spenserianstanza:Anine-linestanzawiththefollowingrhymescheme:ababbabcc.Thefirsteightlinesarewritteniniambicpentameter.Theninthlineiswritteniniambichexameterandiscalledanalexandrine.斯宾塞诗节：斯宾塞诗节是有九行组成的诗节，其押韵形式通常为ababbabcc。前八行通常是抑扬格五音步，第九行是抑扬格六音步，有称作亚历山大诗行。Soliloquy:Indrama,anextendedspeechdeliveredbyacharacteraloneonstage.Thecharacterrevealshisorherinnermostthoughtsandfeelingsdirectlytotheaudience,asifthinkingaloud.独白：独白是戏剧中一个人物单独做的台词，这个人物通过他或她直接跟观众说话来表白自己的心声，就好像是自己在大声的思考。Renaissancemeans“rebirth”.ItmeantthereintroductionintoWesternEuropeofthefullculturalheritageofGreeceandRome.TheessenceoftheRenaissanceisHumanism.TherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandrama.Metaphysicalpoetry玄学派诗歌:ThepoetryofJohnDonneandother17thcenturypoetswhowroteinasimilarstyle.Metaphysicalpoetryischaracterizedbyverbalwitandexcess,ingeniousstructure,irregularmeter,colloquiallanguage,elaborateimagery,andadrawingtogetherofdissimilarideas.玄学诗：约翰•多恩的诗或17世纪其他诗人写的相同风格的诗。玄学诗多使用巧智，结构精巧，韵律多变，语言口语化，意象奇特，把不同的事物进行并置。Blankverse:Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.Enlightenment:Withtheadventofthe18thcentury,inEngland,asinotherEuropeancountries,theresprangintolifeapublicmovementknownastheEnlightenment.TheEnlightenmentonthewhole,wasanexpressionofstruggleofthethenprogressiveclassofbourgeoisagainstfeudalism.Thesocialinequality,stagnation,prejudicesandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.Theyattemptedtoplaceallbranchesofscienceattheserviceofmankindbyconnectingthemwiththeactualdeedsandrequirementsofthepeople.启蒙主义：启蒙主义是在18世纪在英国发生的。总体上，启蒙主义是当时的资产阶级对封建主义，社会的不平等、死寂、偏见和其他的封建残余的一种反对。通过将科学的各个分支与人民的日常生活和需要联系起来，启蒙主义者们努力将他们变成为人民大众服务的工具Neo-classicism新古典主义ItisanEnglishtendencyintheEnlightenmentperiodwhentheclassicalworksofancientGreekandRomanwritersandthoseofthecontemporaryFrenchoneswereworshipped.Theneoclassicistsbelievethattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracyandtheliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.Classicism:Amovementortendencyinart,literature,ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancientGreeceandRome.Classicismemphasizesthetraditionalandtheuniversal,andplacesvalueonreason,clarity,balance,andorder.Classicism,withitsconcernforreasonanduniversalthemes,istraditionallyopposedtoRomanticism,whichisconcernedwithemotionsandpersonalthemes.Sentimentalism感伤主义:itisaliteraytrendwhichgotitsnamefromSentimentalJourneybySterne.,coingintobeinginthemiddleof18thastheresultofabitterdiscontentwithsocialrealityamongtheenlightenedpeople.itturnedtocountysidetofindmaterialsandshowedsinceresympathyforthepovertystrickenpeasantsandsoisinthestrikingcontrasttoclassicism.Pre-Romanticism:ItoriginatedamongtheconservativegroupsofmenandlettersasareactionagainstEnlightenmentandfounditsmostmanifestexpressioninthe“Gothicnovel”.前浪漫主义：前浪漫主义来源于保守的文人中间以反对启蒙主义的沉闷，在“哥特小说”中体现的最多。.lakepoets湖畔诗人thethreeromanticpoetswholivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglandandwrotepoemsaboutnature.WilliamWordsworthwasthemostfamousofthelakepoets;hewrotemanygreatnaturepoems,including“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”.Narrator(叙述者)1)Itreferstoonewhonarrates,ortells,astory.2)Astorymaybetoldbyafirst-personnarrator,someonewhoiseitheramajororminorcharacterinthestory.Orastorymaybetoldbyathird-personnarrator,someonewhoisnotinthestoryatall.3)thewordnarratorcanalsorefertoacharacterinadramawhoguidestheaudien