学术英语(人文)Unit-2

学术英语人文AcademicEnglishforHumanitiesUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticism•Lead-in•TextA•TextB•TextC•AcademicLanguageandDiscourse•Listening•Speaking•WritingUnitContents•Lead-in–Lead-inactivities–SupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticismDiscussthefollowingquestions:1.Whatisliterarytheory?2.Whatisliterarycriticism?3.Whydoweneedliterarytheoryandliterarycriticism?Lead-inActivitiesUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticismWhatisliterarytheory?Lead-inSupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticism•Inastrictsense:thesystematicstudyofthenatureofliteratureandthemethodsforanalyzingliterature•Inawidersense:variousscholarlyapproachestoreadingtexts(Theseapproachesandideasactasdifferentlensesliterarycriticsusetoanalyzeliterature,andtheyallowcriticstofocusonparticularaspectsofapieceofliteraryworks.)•Amostfundamentalquestionaskedbyliterarytheory:“Whatisliterature?”Whatisliterarycriticism?Lead-inSupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticismLiterarycriticismistheevaluation,analysisordescriptionofaparticularliteraryworkoragroupofwritingsasawhole.Modernliterarycriticismisofteninformedbyliterarytheory.Criticismisusuallyintheformofacriticalessay.•Academicliterarycritics(teachinginuniversities,publishinginacademicjournals,etc.)•Morepopularcritics(publishinginnewspapersandmagazines)•TextATheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheory–Classroomactivities–Supplementaryinformation–SuggestedanswerkeyUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticismTheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheoryDiscussthequestionsinTask1andTask2CriticalReadingandThinkingP7Cometothefrontoftheclassandgiveabriefintroductiontooneofthefollowingmajorschoolsofliterarycriticism:Marxistcriticismreader-responsecriticismNewHistoricismpostcolonialismAfricanAmericanstudiesgenderstudiesTextAClassroomactivitiesUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticismTheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheoryLouiseM.RosenblattandhertheoryofreadingTextASupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticismLouiseM.Rosenblatt(1904-2005)wasEmeritusProfessorofEnglishEducationatNewYorkUniversityandholdsanoutstandingpositioninthefieldsofEducationandLiteraryStudies.TheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheoryLouiseM.RosenblattandhertheoryofreadingTextASupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticismSheoutlinedatheoryofreadingasatransactionalprocess.Onceinaninterview,whenaskedwhyshepreferredtheuseoftheterm“transactional/transaction”,sheanswered:TheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheoryLouiseM.RosenblattandhertheoryofreadingTextASupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticism“Readingis‘transaction’,duringwhicheachiscontinuouslyaffectingtheother.Isupposeecologyisthefieldinwhichpeopleunderstandthisbest--thathumanbeingsareaffectedbytheenvironment,buttheyarealsoaffectingitallthetime,sothatthereisatransactiongoingon.…Thecontinuousreciprocalinfluenceofreaderandtextissimilar,forinstance,totwopeopletalkingtooneanother.Whatissaidatthebeginningoftheconversationmaytakeonanentirelydifferentmeaningbytheendofit.(tobecontinued)TheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheoryLouiseM.RosenblattandhertheoryofreadingTextASupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticism(continued)What'ssaidaffectsthepersonwhohearsit,whothensayssomethingresponsethataffectsthefirstspeaker.Ratherthantwostaticentities,eachpersonisbeingaffectedintheconversationandwhatcomesnextdependsonwhathappenedsofar.Thesamethingisgoingonbetweenthereaderandthesesquigglesonthepage.Squigglesonthepagearejustsigns.…IcallmytheorythetransactionaltheorybecauseIwantedtoemphasisthisdynamicrelationship.”--LouiseM.RosenblattTheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheoryMarxistliterarycriticismTextASupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticism•Basedonsocialistanddialectictheories•Viewingliteraryworksasbeingoriginatedfromthesocialinstitutionsandreflectingthesocialinstitutions•Concerningwiththesocialandpoliticalmeaningsofthetext(e.g.thewaysinwhichthetextrevealsideologicaloppressionofadominanteconomicclassoversubordinateclasses)TheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheoryReader-responsecriticismTextASupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticism•Focus:thereaderandtheirresponsetothetext•Systematicexaminationofthepartsofthetextthatarouse,shape,andguideareader'sresponse•Differentfromformalistinterpretationsofliterature(whichemphasizesobjectiveinterpretationofatextonthebasisofestablishedcriteria)Oneoftheearliestproponentsofthistheory:LouiseM.Rosenblatt.TheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheoryNewHistoricismTextASupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticism•Aim:toassociateaworkwiththetimeperiodwhenitwasproduced,(especiallywiththeculturalandpoliticalmovementsofthetime)•Theunderlyingbasicassumption:(Everyworkisaproductofthehistoriccontext.)TheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheoryNewHistoricismTextASupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticismStephenGreenblattisregardedasoneofthefoundersofNewHistoricism,asetofcriticalpracticesthatheoftenreferstoasCulturalPoetics“.TheReadingProcessandLiteraryTheoryPostcolonialismTextASupplementaryinformationUnit2LiteraryTheoryandCriticism•Concernedwithliteratureproducedbycol