英语语言学试题A卷

1英语语言学试题A卷I.Definethefollowinglinguisticterms:(2%×10=20%)1)duality(二层性):Thepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthattheunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.2)displacement(移位):Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentatthepresentofcommunication.3)phonology(音系/位学):Asubbranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesystemandpatternsofthespeechsoundsandhowtheyworkandconveymeaninginthesystemoflanguage.4)morphology(形态学):Asubbranchoflinguisticsthatisconcernedwiththeinternalorganizationofwords.5)concord(一致关系):Therequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsinasyntacticrelationshipshouldagreewitheachotherintermsofsomecategories.6)endocentricconstruction(向心结构):Aconstructionwhosedistributionisfunctionallyequivalentorapproachingequivalencetooneofitsconstituents.7)hyponymy(上下义关系):Itreferstomeaninginclusiveness,thatis,thesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.8)pragmatics(语用学):Itreferstothestudyoflanguageinuse.9)illocutionaryforce(行事语力):Itreferstothespeaker’smeaning,contextualmeaning,orextrameaning.10)erroranalysis(错误分析):Itisthestudyandanalysisoferrorandisconfinedtothelanguagelearner.II.Translation(0.5%×20=10%)TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese:(0.5%×10=5%)1)affricate塞擦音2)distinctivefeature区别特征3)parole言语4)generativegrammar生成语法5)bilingualism双语现象6)felicitycondition适切/合适条件7)designfeature结构/设计特8)denotation外延/所指9)labiodental唇齿音10)linguisticrelativity语言相对论/语言相对主义TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish:(0.5%×10=5%)11)人际功能interpersonalfunction12)真值条件truthcondition13)女性语域/言womenregister14)音节划分syllabification15)结构主义structuralism16)社会语言学sociolinguistics17)论元argument18)单元音monophthong19)衔接cohesion20)对比分析contrastiveanalysisIII.Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheanswersheet.(1%×20=20%)1)Languageisasystemofarbitrary_________symbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.culturalB.conventionalC.decodedD.vocal2)Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled_________.A.anabnormalwordB.apolysemousword多义词C.asynonymouswordD.noneoftheabove3)Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix“ed”intheword“learned”isknownasa(n)__________.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorpheme屈折词素D.freeform4)Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare________innumber.A.largeB.small2C.finiteD.infinite5)“Ipickedsometulips.”__________“Ipickedsomeflowers.”.A.entails限定B.presupposesC.isinconsistentwithD.issynonymouswith6)Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.X:Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?Y:Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?A.qualityB.quantityC.relation关系准则D.manner7)“CanIborrowyourbike?”_____“Youhaveabike.”A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes8)Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa_______study.A.synchronic共时研究B.historicC.diachronicD.descriptive9)Whichofthefollowingisatypicaltonelanguage?A.EnglishB.ChineseC.FrenchD.Alloftheabove10)Twoallophones(音位变体)ofthesamephonemearesaidtobein___________.A.phonemiccontrastB.complementarydistribution(互补分布)C.minimalpairD.noneoftheabove11)Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation(发音),thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof_________.A.palatal(腭音)B.alveolar(齿龈音)C.bilabialD.dental(齿音)12)TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby_______in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.N.ChomskyC.F.SaussureD.M.A.K.Halliday13)Whichofthefollowingisacorrectdescriptionofreference(所指)?A.arelationshipbetweenanexpressionandotherexpressionswhichhavethesamemeaningB.thesetofallobjectswhichcanpotentiallybereferredtobyanexpressionC.arelationshipbetweenaparticularobjectintheworldandanexpressionusedinanutterancetopickoutthatobjectD.anintra-linguisticrelationshipbetweenlexicalitems14)Whatisfunctionofthesentence“Howdoyoudo’?A.DirectiveB.Phatic寒暄C.InformativeD.Evocative15)Inthefollowingsounds,________isacentralvowel.A./ə:/B./u/C./æ/D./з/16)Whichofthefollowinglanguageshasthesyllabicwritingsystem?A.ChineseB.Japanese音节书写系统C.EnglishD.French17)Whichdescriptionofthemeaningcomponentsoftheword“father”isright?A.[+human,+adult,-male]B.[+human,-adult,+male]C.[–human,+adult,-male]D.[+human,+adult,+male]词的意义成分18)Oncethenotionof________wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A.meaningB.contextC.formD.content319)BlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological,morphologicalandsyntacticsystemswhichare_______.A.rule-governedB.systematicC.arbitraryD.bothAandB20)“Hotdog”withthefirstsyllablestressedmeans_________.A.anoverheatedanimalB.akindoffoodC.abarkingdogD.adeaddogIV.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:(1%×15=15%)F1)Animalcallsystemsarenotgeneticallytransmitted.F2)AccordingtoN.Chomsky,“competence”istheactualrealizationofhisknowledgeinutterance.F3)Asyllablewithoutacoda(结尾)isaclosedsyllable.F4)Parole(言语)referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.F5)Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencespatternsofalangua