搜索
第三章句型转换表述同一意思，可以用多种不同的表达方式。这在英语学习中体现为运用不同句型来表述同一意思。细微而言，表述同一意思的各个不同句型各有其语义上的倾重点；但一般情况下，尤其是对初学者而言，这种细微的“异”并不要求强调。换言之，是要求从“同”的角度来看待表述同一意思的不同句型。本章拟以列举实例的方式来作一综合介绍。一、一句多讲1.今天天气怎么样？Howistheweathertoday?Whatistheweatherliketoday?2.你怎么啦？Whatisthematterwithyou?What’syourtrouble?What’swrongwithyou?3.是上学的时候了。It’stimeforschool.It’stimetogotoschool.4.这男孩今天16岁了。Theboyissixteen(yearsold).Theboyisattheageofsixteen.Heisaboyofsixteen.5.我把门打开你不介意吧？DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?6.他每天花1小时做作业。Ittakeshimanhourtodohishomeworkeveryday.Hespendsanhour(in)doinghishomeworkeveryday.Hespendsanhouronhishomeworkeveryday.7.自从1992年以来上海发生了巨大的变化。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghaisince1992.TherehavebeengreatchangesinShanghaisince1992.Shanghaihaschangedalotsince1992.8.她的父亲去世5年了。Herfatherdiedfiveyearsago.Herfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.Itisfiveyearssinceherfatherdied.(这里用Ithasbeenfiveyears亦可。)9.我没有钢笔和铅笔。Ihavenopensandnopencils.Ihaveneitherpensnorpencils.Ihavenopensorpencils.(no=notany,所以可用notany代替no)Ihaven’tanypensorpencils.10.她是班级中个子最高的。Sheisthetalleststudentinherclass.Sheistallerthananyotherstudentsinherclass.Sheistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinherclass.Sheistallerthananyoneelseinherclass.Nooneistallerthansheinherclass.Nooneisastallassheinherclass.11.晚饭后他们继续做作业。Aftersupper,theywentondoingtheirhomework.Aftersupper,theywentaheadwiththeirhomework.Aftersupper,theywentonwiththeirhomework.12.他们准备吃中饭了。Theyaregettingreadyforlunch.Theyaregettingreadytohavelunch.13.我将尽力帮助你。I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.I’lldomybesttohelpyou.14.他急急忙忙赶到家。Hehurriedhome.Hewenthomeinahurry.Hewenthomehurriedly.15.他好像知道这件事情。Heseemstoknowaboutit.Itseemsthatheknowsaboutit.16.我父母都不忙。Neithermyfathernormymotherisbusy.Neitherofmyparentsisbusy.Bothofmyparentsarefree.17.她害怕晚上一个人出去。Shefearstogooutaloneatnight.Sheisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.Sheisafraidtogooutbyherselfatnight.Sheisfrightenedtogooutaloneatnight.18.他不仅对数学感兴趣，而且对英语也感兴趣。HeisinterestednotonlyinmathsbutalsoinEnglish.HeisinterestedbothinmathsandinEnglish.HeisinterestedinEnglishaswellasinmaths.HeisinterestedinEnglishandinmathsaswell.19.他们是昨天到上海的。TheyarrivedinShanghaiyesterday.TheyreachedShanghaiyesterday.TheygottoShanghaiyesterday.20.他需要帮助。Heneedshelp.Heisinneedofhelp.21.他叔叔上次乘火车去北京。HisunclewenttoBeijingbytrainlasttime.HisuncletookatraintoBeijinglasttime.HisunclewenttoBeijingonatrainlasttime.22.这机器没有毛病。There’snothingwrongwiththemachine.Thereisn’tanythingwrongwiththemachine.Nothingiswrongwiththemachine.二、双宾语之间的转换1.givesb.sth.givesth.tosb.handsb.sth.handsth.tosb.showsb.sth.showsth.tosb.passsb.sth.passsth.tosb.lendsb.sth.lendsth.tosb.bringsb.sth.bringsth.tosb.sendsb.sth.sendsth.tosb.2.drawsb.sth.drawsth.forsb.makesb.sth.makesth.forsb.buysb.sth.buysth.forsb.singsb.sth.singsth.forsb.三、近义词或词组之间的转换1.about–orso–around2.atonce–rightnow–immediately3.befullof–befilledwith4.circle–movearound5.catch–understand–follow6.catchacold–haveacold–getacold7.beill–besick8.makesomething+形容词–getsomething+形容词9.lookout–becareful10.howabout–whatabout11.finally–atlast–intheend12.morethan–over13.happen–takeplace14.lookafter–takecareof15.nolonger–not…anylonger16.changeinto–turninto17.aftertwentyminutes–twentyminuteslager18.nearly–almost19.rainhard–rainheavily20.setout–setoff–start21.haveabadcough–coughalot22.alloverthecountry–throughoutthecountry23.alltheworld–thewholeworld24.bysuppertime–beforesupper25.asksb.torepairsth.–havesth.repaired四、动词与名词之间的转换1.apologizetosomebody–makeanapologytosomebody2.promisetodo–makeapromisetodo3.walk–haveawalk–takeawalk4.look–have(take)alook5.talk–haveatalk6.readsomething–dosomereading7.washsomething–dosomewashing8.cleansomething–dosomecleaning五、复合句转变为简单句(一)状语从句←→不定式so…that……can←→enoughtoso…that……can←→too…to或not…enoughto1.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.2.Tomissostrongthathecanlifttheheavybox.Tomisstrongenoughtolifttheheavybox.inorderthat←→inorderto3.Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.(二)宾语从句←→不定式(宾语从句用疑问词引导)1.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.Idon’tknowwhattodo.2.Idon’tknowhowIcangettothestation.Idon’tknowhowtogettothestation.3.Theywanttoknowwheretheywillgo.Theywanttoknowwheretogo.(三)宾语从句←→现在分词短语(seesb.doingsth.)1.Theysawthatanoldmanwasrunningafterthedoginthestreet.Theysawanoldmanrunningafterthedoginthestreet.2.Ifeltthatthehousewasshaking.Ifeltthehouseshaking.六、并列句转变为复合句(一)用so连接的并列句←→原因状语从句（注意因果关系）1.Hegotuplate,sohedidn’tgotoschoolontimeyesterday.Hedidn’tgotoschoolontimeyesterdaybecausehegotuplate.2.Mr.Blackwasill,soshewastakingoveraclassforhim.ShewastakingoveraclassforMr.Blackbecausehewasill.(二)用but连接的并列句←→让步状语从句1.Jennywasagoodgirl,butshehadashortcoming.ThoughJennywasagoodgirl,shehadashortcoming.2.ZhangLinglikesEnglish,butheneedshelp.Though/AlthoughZhangLinglikesEnglish,heneedshelp.(三)条件状语从句←→祈使句，and/or+简单句1.Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llfindaway.Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.2.Ifyoudon’thurry,you’llmissthetrain.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.七、状语从句间的转变（意义相同）(一)when,after引导的时间状语从句←→not…until1.IwillbelieveitwhenIhe