高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练

高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：宾语从句：Idon’tknowwherehewillgo.主语从句：Wherehewillgoisunknown.表语从句：Theproblemishowwecangetsomuchmoney.同位语从句：Weallfeelsorryaboutthenewsthathefailedinthegame.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：1．whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：（1）引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whetherhehaswonthetennisisnotknown.(但Itisnotknownwhether/ifhehaswonthetennis).（2）引导表语从句时。例Theproblemiswhetherhecangetajob.（3）引导同位语从句时。例：Ihavenoideawhetherhewillcome.（4）介词后的whether从句。例：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.2．位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。例如：Thathegotthefirstplaceinthecompetitionsurprisedallofus.3．在“Itissuggested/proposed/ordered/apity/nowonder/necessary/strange/…＋that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。例如：Itissuggestedthatwe(should)improvetherelationsbetweenus.Itisapitythatone(should)stayinoneplaceallone?slife.Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings（缺点）.4．在“Thereasonwhy…isthat…”句式中that不要误为because.例如：Thereasonwhyhedidn?tgotoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.5．名词从句中that,what用法比较：引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝thething(s)that.例如：Itwastoldinyesterday?snewspaperthatwhatthestudentshaddonewaspraisedthethings(that)无意义bythefactory.Iknowthathewillstudy.Iknowwhathewillstudy.Thatheworkshardathislessonsisknowntousall.Whatheworkshardatisknowntousall.AllIaskisthatyoushouldtellthetruth./Heisnotwhat(＝thepersonthat)heusedtobe.他和以前大不相同了。6．where在名词从句中的使用特点：where在名词从句中有时可以变为“theplacewhere”,有时可以变为“介词＋theplacewhere”形式。例如：主从：Where(＝Theplacewhere)shehasgoneisstillunknown.宾从：Wouldyoupleasetellmewhere(＝theplacewhere)MrSmithlives?表从：Yourdictionaryremainswhere(＝in/attheplacewhere)youput.同位从：Haveyouanyideawhere(＝oftheplacewhere)sheisspendingherholidays?7．无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：Iknowwherehelives./Pleasetellmewhathernameis.当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：What?sthematterwithhim?Sheaskedmewhatwasthematterwithhim.Wholooksafteryourgrandfather?Heaskedmewholookedaftermygrandfather.名词从句考点分析1．Theywanttoknow______dotohelpus.(NMET)A.whattheycanB.howtheycanC.howcantheyD.whatcanthey析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除C、D。又因howtheycando不完整，do后无宾语，故也应排除，只有A项既是陈述语序，且whattheycando完整正确地表达出“他们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为A。2．Histeacher______he______brightand______hewasworthteaching.A.didn’tthink;was;thatB.thought;was;whetherC.didn’tthink;was;×D.thought;wasn?t;×析：观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此，可排除C、D两个选项。若选B项，全句意思不通，而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定A是正确答案。3．______isdonecannotbeundone.A.HowB.ThatC.WhatD.Where析：do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语（逻辑上是done的宾语）。而A.How,D.Where均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选what(＝thethingthat),才能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。4．Takecare______youdon?tmakemistakesinthecomingexam.A.ofthatB.aboutthatC.forwhatD.that析：takecare是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心不要…”意思，据此，该题应选D。5．Tohissurprise,theumbrellawasnot______hehadput.A.whichB.whereC.theplaceD.that析：观察题干，wasnot后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/attheplacewhere,将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而C选项缺少词，不可选。A、D项皆不合用。6．______wecan?tgetseemsbetterthan______wehave.A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;thatD.that;what析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即“AseemsbetterthatB”结构，根据what＝thething(s)that这一特点，将其置于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为A。7．______we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where析：此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表“是否”意时，只能用Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。8．______theyaremostinterestedinis______theycanproducemoreandbettercars.A.That;howB.What;howC.What;whatD.That;that析：is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的（东西）”这一意思，只能选what填入空白;is是表语从句，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”，故答案为B。9．HemadeasuggestionthattheEnglishtest______untilnextWednesday.A.willbeputoffB.beputoffC.willputoffD.putoff析：suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用（should）do的形式，且该句中test与putoff为被动关系，故选B。10．Idon?tthink______hesaidsomethinglikethatisright.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.when析：此句think后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在is之前，它是一个被动句。因为hesaidsomethinglikethat已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义，不做成分的that才合适，故选A。定语从句一、定语从句与引导词定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。1．关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：ThemanwhohelpedyouisMrWhite.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)Thatistheperson(whom/who/that)youwanttosee.(whom,who,that代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)I’mnotthefool(that)youthoughtmetobe.(that代人，在定从中作表语)Adictionaryisausefulbookwhich(＝that)tellsusthemeaningofwords(which或that代物，在定从中作主语)2．关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Wouldyousuggestatime(when)wecanhaveatalk?(when可省略)Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge./Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We’llvisitthefactorywhich(＝that)makesradios.(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)Theystillrememberthehappydays(which/that)theyspentinBeidaihe.(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词,起限定作用；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子，起补充说明的作用。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：LiPing?sfather,whoworksinafactory,isanengineer./Hetoreupmyphoto,whichmademeveryangry.