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哈尔滨理工大学毕业设计题目:汽车自动雨刷控制系统的设计院、系:电机与电器09-1班姓名:王栋指导教师:王哈力系主任:王哈力2012年5月20日I汽车自动雨刷控制系统的设计摘要本设计主要完成以传感器作为检测器并通过软件的设计实现适时地对雨刷电机的转停、正转及反转，从而实现对汽车雨刷的自动控制。这次设计是传感器技术和现代控制技术在在汽车制造业中的应用，并且设计中运用步进电机代替传统的雨刷电机，通过传感器检测到的雨量大小的信号，把信号输入单片机AT89C2051中通过程序控制步进电机的启动、电机转动速度及正反转时间。设计中运用TA8435H作为步进电机的驱动芯片，其是脉宽调制式斩波驱动方式，这样能克服步进电机在低频工作时，会有振动大、噪声大的缺点。此设计能免去驾驶员对雨刷的反复操作，提高了驾驶的安全性和舒适性,减少由于驾驶员对雨刷操作带来的交通事故，也大大提高了汽车雨刷运行的可靠度。关键词汽车自动雨刷控制系统；单片机；传感器；步进电机IICartobeautomaticSheffieldthedesignofcontrolsystemAbstractThisdesignmaincompletewithsensorsasdetectorandthroughthedesignofthesoftwaretorealizeattheSheffieldmotorZhuanTing,areturningandreverse,soastorealizetheautomaticcontrolofcarwindshieldwipers.Thisdesignisthesensortechnologyandmoderncontroltechnologyintheapplicationinautomobilemanufacturingindustry,anddesignusingthesteppingmotorinsteadoftraditionalyushuaelectrical,throughthesensortothesizeoftherainfallsignalandsinglechipmicrocomputerAT89C2051signalinputbyprocesscontrolthestepmotorstart,motorrotationspeedandpositive&negativetime.InthedesignTA8435Huseasasteppingmotordriverchips,whichispulsewidthmodulationchoppeddrivemode,thiscanovercomestepmotortoworkinlowfrequency,abignoise,vibrationofthefaults.Thisdesigncanfreethepilotofthewipersrepeatedly,improvethedrivingsafetyandcomfort,reducebecausethedriverbroughttoSheffieldoperationtrafficaccident,alsogreatlyimprovethecarwindshieldwipersthereliabilityofoperation.Keywordsautomaticcontrolsystemcarwindshield;Singlechipmicrocomputer;Sensors;Steppingmotor目录摘要....................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................II前言...................................................................................................................1第一章汽车自动雨刷控制系统总体设计.......................................................21.1汽车自动雨刷控制系统的设计思路....................................................................21.2方案的选择设计与原理方框图.............................................................................21.2.1控制方案比较.............................................................................................21.2.2原理方框图................................................................................................41.3汽车自动雨刷控制系统的主要特点....................................................................5第二章汽车雨刷电动机工作原理...................................................................62.1电机控制电路分析与设计..................................................................................62.2步进电机的基本原理及特点..............................................................................62.3步进电机驱动芯片......................................................................................7第三章控制系统的硬件设计...........................................................................103.1电源电路的设计与分析......................................................................................103.2中央控制器——AT89C2051..............................................................................113.2.1AT89C2051的特点.................................................................................123.2.2AT89C2051的管角说明.........................................................................123.3步进电与驱动芯片连接电路设计.......................................................................143.4复位电路的设计...................................................................................................143.4.1单片机复位电路基本原理及特点........................................................143.5时钟电路的设计与工作原理分析.....................................................................153.5.1时钟电路的设计....................................................................................153.6检测电路的设计与分析......................................................................................163.6.1雨水传感器工作原理...............................................................................173.6.2硬件设计与实现.......................................................................................18第四章汽车自动雨刷控制系统的安装与调试.............................................204.1电路图的绘制与PCB板的制作...........................................................................204.1.1电路图的绘制..........................................................................................204.1.2PCB板的制作.........................................................................................204.2元件的识辩与检测...............................................................................................214.3系统功能调试.......................................................................................................21总结.....................................................................................................................22致谢.................................................................................................................23参考文献.............................................................................................................24哈尔滨理工大学专科毕业（设计）论文1前言在汽车制造业飞速发展的今天，汽车中已经安装了越来越多的自动控制