搜索
学术讲座—学生版生物tpo24lecture1一、背景介绍：生物学讲座主要涉及到的小学科有conservationbiology保护生物学，marinebiology海洋生物学，zoology动物学和botany植物学。主要话题有以下五个：动物行为研究；动物和环境之间的关系；动物交流方式；动物身体结构；动物保护。二、分类表格：TPOLecture生物Biology142244627281101111121142154163174184193204213223233241251254262271273282283291302三、各分类常见逻辑结构：生物类考点分析分类部位及特征用途（植物）习性（动物）栖息地繁殖与其他生物的关系生存状况相关研究生物类常见逻辑结构在课堂演讲中，教授常常会就某一生物现象或者生物特征进行讲解，并举出相应的例子进行证明，期间往往会有老师的自问自答和已经和学生之间的讨论。四、十三大原则中这节课会用到的原则+举例1.开头原则：2.问答原则3.举例原则4.强调原则（语义的强调）：5.结尾原则五、本次课可能用到的笔记法1.笔记热身1）中文简写2）符号2.TPO1Conversation1笔记六、词汇，短语及句式1）生物类场景常用的词汇英语汉语species物种sub-species亚种genepool基因库ancestor祖先descend传承extinction灭绝endanger濒危eradicate灭绝introducedanimals外来动物wildlifereserve野生动物保护区sanctuary保护区refuge保护区habitat栖息地quarantineservice检疫局parasite寄生虫insect昆虫reptile爬行动物mammal哺乳动物pollinate授粉2）本次课常用词汇英语汉语reptileadj.爬虫类的；卑鄙的n.爬行动物；卑鄙的人crocodilen.鳄鱼solitaryadj.孤独的；独居的n.独居者；隐士swampn.沼泽；湿地vt.使陷于沼泽；使沉没；使陷入困境vi.下沉；陷入沼泽；陷入困境；不知所措vocalizationn.发声，发音；发声法alligatorn.短吻鳄（产于美国及中国）；短吻鳄皮革；鳄口式工具vi.皱裂；裂开adj.鳄鱼般的；鳄鱼皮革的；鳄鱼皮纹的breedingn.繁殖；饲养；教养；再生v.生产；培育；使…繁殖gruntn.咕哝；呼噜声vi.作呼噜声；发哼声vt.咕哝着说hissvi.发出嘘声；发嘘声n.嘘声；嘶嘶声clamoringn.喧闹，叫嚷；大声的要求vi.喧嚷，发喧嚣声；持续地喊声vt.喧嚷着说出3）本次课常用短语及句式：英语汉语messwith同…一起用膳；胡乱摆弄；干扰；与…厮混在一起kindof有点，有几分findout找出；查明interactwith与…相互作用avarietyof种种；各种各样的…thinkof记起；想起achorusof异口同声asortof一种；有点lookafter照顾；看护inorderto为了七、文章框架分析1.Crocodile:apredatorthathasn'tevolvedmuchinthelastseventymillionyears2.ThefunctionsofAmericanalligators’vocalization:①Tothreatenothermales②ToattractmatesThefunctionsofbabycrocodiles’vocalization:①gettingattention②lettingothersknowyouaredistressed：babycrocodiles。Therelationshipofvocalizationbetweencrocodilesandmammals3.Thefunctionsofmothercrocodiles’vocalization:toensuretheirbabiesfollowher.八、听力文本Narrator:ListentopartofalectureinaBiologyclass.Professor:OK.Fortoday,let'slookatareptile,apredatorthathasn'tevolvedmuchinthelastseventymillionyears.Nodiscussionofreptileswouldbecompletewithoutsomementionofcrocodiles.（教授开门见山提出讲座的主旨：apredator--crocodiles，其中today,let’slookat...就是主旨句的提示句型。）Now,wetendtothinkofcrocodilesas,uh,kindofsolitary,hidingoutinaswamp,uh,kindofmysteriouscreatures.Butwearefindingoutthattheyaren'tasisolatedastheyseem.Infact,crocodilesinteractwitheachotherinavarietyofways.Onewayiswithvocalizations,youknow,soundsgeneratedbytheanimal.（一些常考的细节题提示词有now,but,infact，这部分全都有，但是前边的now和but都是为了引出infact，而且infact后面指出来了有多种交流方式，其中一种是：vocalization，那么要注意一下可能会有另外的交流方式出现。但是事实上通过听全文没有提及其他的方式。）Thisistrueofthewholecrocodilefamily,whichincludescrocodilesthemselves,alligators,etc.TakeAmericanalligators.（这里take做的是介词，举例子的意思，注意听力中举例子处可能出一道细节题，也可能是个作者意图态度题：WhydoestheprofessortalkabouttheAmericanalligators?---Toshowthefunctionofvocalization.）Ifyouweretogotoaswampduringthebreedingseason,you'dhearachorusofsounds,deepgrunts,hisses,thesearesoundsthatmalealligatorsmake.Andsomeofthemarepowerfulenoughtomakethewatervibrate.Thissendsastrong,go-awaymessagetotheothermales.Sothealligatorcanfocusonsendingothersoundwavesthroughthewater,soundwavesthatyouandIcouldn'tevenhearsincetheyareatsuchlowfrequency.Buttheydoreachthefemalealligator,whothengoestofindandmatewiththemale.（这里这两处给出来了thefunctionofvocalization，就是第7题的答案。）Vocalizationisum...well,itisusedforotherreasons,likegettingattentionorjust,um...lettingothersknowyouaredistressed.（这里的otherreasons提醒下文主要讲解vocalization的另外几个目的：1）gettingattention2）lettingothersknowyouaredistressed。综合上文可以出一个Except题：Allofthefollowingsareaboutthefunctionsofcrocodiles’vocalizationexcept---?----AtothreatenothermalesBtoattracttheirpredatorsCtogetattentionDtoletothersknowtheyaredistressed答案是B）Let'ssee.（下文具体解释这两个功能，以newborncrocodiles为例。）New-borncrocodiles,orhatchlingsandtheirinteractionswiththeirmothers.Whentheyareborn,croc...babycrocodileshaveasortofmuffledcrywhiletheyareintheirnest.Hatchlingsarereallyvulnerable,especiallytobirdsandsmallmammalswhentheyareborn.Buttheirmother,whohasbeenkeepingvigilnearby,hearstheircryforhelpandcarriesthemtosafety,meaning,towater.Soshetakesthemoutofthenest.Uh,uh,alltheeggshatchedatonce,soshehasaboutfortynewbornstolookafter.Well,shetakesaboutfifteenoutofthenestatatime,carryingtheminhermouthtothenearbywater.Whilesheistakingoneloadofhatchlings,theotherswaitforhertocomeback.Butdoyouthinktheyarequietaboutit?Noway.Theyareclamoringforthemother'sattention,sortofsqueakingandpracticallysaying-don'tforgetaboutme!（这里的but是一个提示词，除此之外，教授在说这句话的时候语调比较重，可能出重听题，whydoestheprofessorsaythis?---Toindicatethatbabycrocodilesmakevocalizationinordertoattracttheirmother’sattention,andremindhernotforgettingthem.这里也是第8题的答案所在处。）Iheardsomegreatexamplesofthisonthetelevisionprogramoncrocodileslastweek.Anyonecatchedit?Ithadafewinterestingbits.Butyouknow,uh,youhavetobecareful,thinkcritically.SometimesIdon'tknowwheretheseshowsfindtheirexperts.（教授先扬后抑，用到but肯定有蹊跷，这里是第9题答案所在处。）Student:Excuseme.But,um...doesallthatcryingdefeatthepurpose?Imean,doesn'titattractmorepredators?Professor:Hmm...goodquestion.Iguess,well,Iamguessingthatoncethebabieshavethemother'sattention,theyaresafe.She'snevertoofaraway,and,andIthink...Imean,wouldyoumesswithamothercrocodile?（从这部分