习题及答案7-9薄壁孔口出流,直径d=2mm,水箱水位恒定H=2m,试求:(1)孔口流量Q;(2)此孔口外接圆柱形管嘴的流量Qn;(3)管嘴收缩断面的真空。解:(1)230.02=20.62221.22m/s4QAgHg(2)230.0220.82221.61m/s4nnQAgHg(3)v0.750.7521.5mpHg7-10水箱用隔板分为A、B两室,隔板上开一孔口,其直径d1=4cm,在B室底部装有圆柱形外管嘴,其直径d2=3cm。已知H=3m,h3=0.5m,试求:(1)h1、h2;(2)流出水箱的流量Q。解:(1)212112244nnddQghgHhQ12122403.082.02404.062.0hHggh得h1=1.07mh2=H-h1=1.43m(2)2110.0420.6221.073.57l/s44dQghg7-12游泳池长25m,宽10m,水深1.5m,池底设有直径10cm的放水孔直通排水地沟,试求放尽池水所需的时间。解:3223max00max101.5375120.6222.6410427.89mQAgHdgHmVthQV=257-14虹吸管将A池中的水输入B池,已知长度l1=3m,l2=5m,直径d=75mm,两池水面高差H=2m,最大超高h=1.8m,沿程阻力系数λ=0.02,局部阻力系数:进口ζa=0.5,转弯ζb=0.2,出口ζc=1。试求流量及管道最大超高断面的真空度。解:列上下游水池的伯诺里方程00000lHh2221280.020.50.213.8320.07522labcllhdggg2219.623.20ms3.833.830.0753.2014.13l/s4gHQA列上游水池和最大超高处的伯诺里方程2211122v01.52.5223.2011.51.82.53.11m219.6acllabacpplHhhhgggdgPPPhggg7-16水从密闭容器A,沿直径d=25mm,长l=10m的管道流入容器B,已知容器A水面的相对压强p1=2at,水面高H1=1m,H1=1m,H2=5m,沿程阻力系数λ=0.025,局部阻力系数:阀门ζa=4.0,弯头ζb=0.3,试求流量。解:112000lpHHhg222v21030.0250.5430.3116.420.025222980001516.49800219.6164.373ms2.15ls16.4lebdhlggggQA出7-18自密闭容器经两段串连管道输水,已知压力表读值pm=1at,水头H=2m,管长l1=10m,l2=20m,直径d1=100mm,d2=200mm,沿程阻力系数λ1=λ2=0.03,试求流量并绘总水头线和测压管水头线。解:221200042MlpHhgg2222222211222122212121510.5117222222fmlldhhdgdgggdgg2222269121.846ms58ls2QAg7-21在长为2l,直径为d的管道上,并联一根直径相同,长为l的支管(图中虚线),若水头H不变,不计局部损失,试求并联支管前后的流量比。解:并联前212alQH并联后222222452alQQalalQH水头相等2222452alQalQ26.15812QQ