发展中国家应对金融危机的中国实践

发展中国家应对金融危机的中国实践发展中国家应对金融危机的中国实践MeetingtheChallengesofFinancialCrisisMeetingtheChallengesofFinancialCrisis——ChinaChina’’sPracticesPractice：：fromDevelopingCountriesfromDevelopingCountries’’ProspectiveProspective贾贾康康JiaJiaKangKang一、扩内需、保增长、促就业、维稳定一、扩内需、保增长、促就业、维稳定————一揽子计划的首一揽子计划的首要内容与相关举措要内容与相关举措I.Encouragingdomesticdemand,ensuringeconomicgrowth,I.Encouragingdomesticdemand,ensuringeconomicgrowth,promotingemployment,maintainingsocialstabilitypromotingemployment,maintainingsocialstability––theprincipaltheprincipalcontentsofthepackageplanandthemainmeasurescontentsofthepackageplanandthemainmeasures（一）扩大公共投资（一）扩大公共投资1.Increasingpublicinvestments1.Increasingpublicinvestments一、扩内需、保增长、促就业、维稳定一、扩内需、保增长、促就业、维稳定————一揽子计划的首一揽子计划的首要内容与相关举措（续）要内容与相关举措（续）I.Encouragingdomesticconsumptions,ensuringeconomicgrowth,I.Encouragingdomesticconsumptions,ensuringeconomicgrowth,promotingemployment,maintainingsocialstabilitypromotingemployment,maintainingsocialstability––theprincipaltheprincipalcontentsofthepackageplanandthemainmeasures(contcontentsofthepackageplanandthemainmeasures(cont’’d)d)（二）促进消费（二）促进消费2.Encouragingconsumptions2.Encouragingconsumptions（三）支持出口（三）支持出口3.Supportingexport3.Supportingexport（四）实行结构性减税和税费改革（四）实行结构性减税和税费改革4.Implementingastructuraltaxcutandtaxandfeereforms4.Implementingastructuraltaxcutandtaxandfeereforms（五）大幅增加财政赤字和举债规模（五）大幅增加财政赤字和举债规模5.Substantiallyraisingthelevelsoffiscaldeficitandgovern5.Substantiallyraisingthelevelsoffiscaldeficitandgovernmentdebtmentdebt二、调整结构、支持创新、深化改革二、调整结构、支持创新、深化改革————一揽子计划的重要特一揽子计划的重要特征与相关内容征与相关内容II.Readjustingstructure,nurturinginnovationsanddeepeningII.Readjustingstructure,nurturinginnovationsanddeepeningreformsreforms––thecriticalfeaturesofthepackageplanandthemainthecriticalfeaturesofthepackageplanandthemainfactsfacts（一）调整产业结构（一）调整产业结构1.Readjustingindustrialstructure1.Readjustingindustrialstructure（二）加大财政支农力度（二）加大财政支农力度2.Increasingfinancialsupportonagriculture2.Increasingfinancialsupportonagriculture表1：中央财政“三农”支出2008年执行情况与2009年预算草案比较2008年2009年单位：亿元执行数预算数增长率农林水事务2702.203446.5927.5%良种补贴123.45154.8025.4%农资综合补贴715.91756.005.6%农机具购置补贴39.95130.00225.0%粮食直补151.09190.0025.8%农业保险保费补贴60.5079.8031.9%农业基础设施1137.601295.1013.8%农业综合开发127.00147.0015.7%扶贫开发167.30197.3017.9%现代农业生产53.9965.0020.4%三农支出合计5955.507161.4020.2%农业生产2260.102642.2016.9%四项补贴1030.401230.8019.4%注：2008年农林水事务执行数数据在《2009年财政预算草案》附表中提供了两组数，其中一组为1821.74亿。资料来源：《2009年预算报告》Table1:CentralGovernmentSupportonAgriculture,FarmerandRuralArea:AComparisonof2008FundAppropriationand2009Budget20082009Unit:100millionAppropriationBudgetGrowth%Generalexpenseonagriculture,woodsandwater2702.203446.5927.5%Subsidiesongrowingsuperiorgraincultivators123.45154.8025.4%Comprehensivesubsidiesonfarmingfacilities715.91756.005.6%Subsidiesonagriculturalmachineryandtools39.95130.00225.0%Directsubsidiesongrains151.09190.0025.8%Subsidiesonagriculturalinsurance60.5079.8031.9%Expendituresonagriculturalinfrastructures1137.601295.1013.8%Expendituresoncomprehensiveagriculturaldevelopment127.00147.0015.7%Expendituresonpovertyreductionprograms167.30197.3017.9%Expenditureonmodernagriculturalproduction53.9965.0020.4%Total5955.507161.4020.2%Ofwhich:Agriculturalproduction-relatedexpenditures2260.102642.2016.9%The4subsidies1030.401230.8019.4%Note:InoneoftheattachmenttablesoftheFiscalBudgetDraft2009,twofiguresareprovidedforthegeneralexpenseonagriculture,woodsandwater,oneofwhichis181.174billionyuan.Source:FiscalBudgetReport2009.二、调整结构、支持创新、深化改革二、调整结构、支持创新、深化改革————一揽子计划的重要特一揽子计划的重要特征与相关内容（续）征与相关内容（续）II.Readjustingstructure,nurturinginnovationsanddeepeningII.Readjustingstructure,nurturinginnovationsanddeepeningreformsreforms––thecriticalfeaturesofthepackageplanandthemainthecriticalfeaturesofthepackageplanandthemainfacts(contfacts(cont’’d)d)（三）优化产业布局和加强区域发展指导（三）优化产业布局和加强区域发展指导3.3.OptimizingindustrialgeographicaldistributionsandreinforcinOptimizingindustrialgeographicaldistributionsandreinforcingtheregionalgtheregionaldevelopmentguidancedevelopmentguidance（四）支持科技创新（四）支持科技创新4.Nurturingtechnologyinnovation4.Nurturingtechnologyinnovation（五）继续深化改革（五）继续深化改革5.Deepeningreform5.Deepeningreform三、强化保障、改善民生三、强化保障、改善民生————一揽子计划的基础支撑及其主一揽子计划的基础支撑及其主要亮点要亮点III.III.StrengtheningsocialsecurityandpromotingsocialStrengtheningsocialsecurityandpromotingsocialwelfarewelfare––BasisofthepackageplanandmainhighlightsBasisofthepackageplanandmainhighlights（一）加大民生投入力度（一）加大民生投入力度1.Allocatingmoreresourcestosocialwelfareimprovement1.Allocatingmoreresourcestosocialwelfareimprovement（二）加强社会保障体系（二）加强社会保障体系2.Strengtheningsocialsecuritysystem2.Strengtheningsocialsecuritysystem（三）促进和扩大就业（三）促进和扩大就业3.Promotingemployment3.Promotingemployment（四）深化医药卫生体制改革（四）深化医药卫生体制改革4.Furtherreforminghealthcaresystem4.Furtherreforminghealthcaresystem四、一揽子经济计划的实施效果四、一揽子经济计划的实施效果IV.TheimplementationeffectoftheeconomicstimulusIV.Theimplementationeffectoftheeconomicstimuluspackageplanpackageplan表2部分经济指标成效中国实施一揽子计划已初见成效前三季度国内生产总值同比增长7.7%城镇居民人均可支配收入增长9.3%农村居民人均现金收入增长8.5%1-11月城镇固定资产投资同比增长32.1%城镇新开工项目计划总投资同比增长76.6%城镇新增就业人员1013万人规模以上工业企业增加值同比增长7.8