无线通信原理双语第六讲补充内容考点

1WirelessCommunicationsPrinciples(No:B0205061S)Lecture6:IntroductiontoLTEandLTE-AdvancedofLTEandLTE-Advanced2019/12/2922019/12/2926.1EvolutionofwirelesscommunicationstandardsWirelesscommunicationshaveevolvedfrom2Gsystemsto3Gsystems,andto4G.ThisevolutionisillustratedinFigure6.1,whichshowsthatonlytwo4Gcandidateshavebeenactivelydeveloped:3GPPLTE-AdvancedandIEEE802.16minFigure6.1.Whatisthe4GTechnology？Intelecommunicationsystems,4Gisthefourthgenerationofmobilephonemobilecommunicationtechnologystandards.2019/12/293TheevolutionLTEandLTE-advancedfrom3GsystemsEarly3Gsystems,ofwhichtherewerefive,didnotimmediatelymeettheITU’speakdataratetargetof2MbpsinpracticaldeploymentLTE(oftenreferredtoas3.9G)arrivedwiththepublicationoftheRelease8specificationin2008LTE-Advanced(referredtoas4G)wasintroducedinRelease10.EnhancementstoLTE-AdvancedwereaddedinRelease11,whosecorespecificationswerecompletedinSeptember2012,andinRelease12,onwhichworkbeganinDecember2012.2019/12/294ComparisonamongwirelessgenerationsTable6.1.Comparisonsamong1G,2G,2.5G,3G,4G1G2G2.5G3G4G1stgenerationwirelessnetwork2ndgenerationwirelessnetwork2.5generationwirelessnetwork3rdgenerationwirelessnetwork4thgenerationwirelessnetwork1.Basicvoiceservice2.Analog-basedprotocols(AMPS)1.Voice2.Improvedcoverageandcapacity3.Firstdigitalstandards(GSM,CDMAIS-95)1.Voice2.Higherdataratethan2G3.Digitalstandards(GPRS,EDGEetal)1.Voicewithsomedataconsideration(multimedia,text,internet)2.Firstmobilebroadband(TDS-CDMA,UMTSWCDMA(3GPP),CDMA2000(3GPP2))1.Primarilyfordata2.IP-basedprotocols(LTE)3.Truemobilebroadband2019/12/295ThedefinitionsofpreviousgenerationsinTable6.1AMPS:AdvancedMobilePhoneSystem.GSM:GlobalSystemsforMobile.GPRS:GeneralPacketRadioService.promisesdataratefrom56kbpsto144kbps---continuousconnectiontotheInternet.UMTS:UniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystemproviding384kbpsrate.WCDMAisawidebandCDMA(5MHz)standardbasedonthenetworkfundamentalsofGSM/EDGE,3GPP:3rdGenerationPartnershipProject.3GPPand3GPP2areWorldwidestandardizationorganizationsestablishedtogatherglobalexpertise,participatedbyalmostallthebigcompanies.TD-SCDMA(Time-divisionSynchronousCDMA):astandardproposedbyCATT(ChinaAcademyandTelecommunicationsTechnology)andSiemensCorporation.Supportupto384kbpsofpacketdata.SomeSystemperformancecomparisonbetween3Gand4GNetworkArchitecture:3GWideAreaCellBased4GIntegrationofwirelessLANandWidearea.ServicesandApplications:3GCDMA2000,UMTS,EDGEetc4GWimax2andLTE-AdvancePeakDownloadRate:3G100Mbp;4G1GbpsPeakUploadRate:3G5Mbps;4G500MbpsBoth2Gand3Gnetworksweredesignedprimarilyforvoicecommunicationsratherthandata.Ontheotherhand,4Gisdesignedespeciallyfordatatransmissionratherthanvoice.So4Goffersfasteraccesstodatausingmobilephones.2019/12/2962019/12/2976.2.1TheGSMnetworkarchitectureTheGSMnetworkarchitectureasdefinedintheGSMspecificationscanbegroupedintofourmainareas:Mobilestation(MS)Base-stationsubsystem(BSS).Itconsistsoftwoelements:BaseTransceiverStation(BTS)andBaseStationController(BSC).NetworkandSwitchingSubsystem(NSS).Themajorelementswithinthecorenetworkinclude:MobileSwitchingservicesCentre(MSC),HomeLocationRegister(HLR)andVisitorLocationRegister(VLR)etal.OperationandSupportSubsystem(OSS).ItisusedtocontrolandmonitortheoverallGSMnetworkanditisalsousedtocontrolthetrafficloadoftheBSS.6.2TheGSMNetworkArchitectureandtheLTENetworkArchitecture2019/12/298Figure6.2showstheGSMnetworkarchitecture.Mobile=basestation=BSCorRNC(RadioNetworkController)=MSCBSCMSCInternetMS3PSTNRadioAccessCoreNetworkBackboneNetworkMS1MS2BTS1BTS2BTS32019/12/2996.2.2TheLTEnetworkarchitecture4Gisthefourthgenerationofmobilephonemobilecommunicationtechnologystandards.Figure6.3showsthebasicnetworkarchitectureoftheLTEsystems,whichcomprisesoftwobasicnetworks,theradioaccessnetworkandcorenetwork.Themaincomponents:MobilityManagementEntity(MME);ServingGateway(SGW);PacketDataNetworkGateway(PDN-GW).FixedIPNetworkMMESGWPDN-GWeNBLTERadioAcessNetworkeNBLTERadioAcessNetworkeNBLTERadioAcessNetwork2019/12/29102019/12/2910RadioAccessNetworkandCoreNetworkRadioAccessNetworkcomprisesofenodeB(eNB)radiostationswhichconnectsUsersEquipment(UE)tocorenetworkthroughairinterface.CoreNetworkAparallel3GPPprojectcalledSystemArchitectureEvolution(SAE)definesanall-IP,packet-onlycorenetworkknownastheevolvedpacketcore(EPC).ThecombinationoftheEPCandtheevolvedRAN(E-UTRAplusE-UTRAN)istheevolvedpacketsystem(EPS).2019/12/29116.3SummaryofRelease8LTEFeaturesThebaselineLTEradioaccessnetwork(RAN)andtheevolvedpacketcore(EPC)networkdefinedin3GPPRelease8.AccordingtoaJune2014GlobalSuppliersAssociation()report,LTEhasbeenlaunchedsuccessfullyin300commercialnetworksin107countries.China'sMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology(MIIT)onDec.4,2013announcedthereleaseofTD-LTE(TimeDivision-LongTermEvolution)licensestoChinaMobile,ChinaUnicomandChinaTelecom.6.3.1ThemainattributesthatdifferentiateLTEfrompreviousgenerationsSingle-channelpeakdataratesofupto300Mbpsinthedownlinkand75MbpsintheuplinkImprovedspectralefficiencyoverlegacysystems,particularlyfortheuplinkFullinte