第四节横向风荷载计算在横向风荷载计算中,通常只取一榀框架进行计算,所以取轴横向框架进行计算。在此计算中,地面粗糙类型为B类。查《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB50009-2001)得武汉的基本风压为0.35kN/㎡。2.4.1风荷载标准值的计算风荷载标准值计算公式:Wk=一、确定各系数的值:因结构高度H=27.5m30m,高宽比H/B=27.5/17.6=1.5625>1.5,所以。结构的基本周期T=0.08n=0.08×7=0.56s,=0.35×0.56×0.56=0.10976,查表,由内插法得,,v=0.47125。基本振型z高度处振型系数=z/H,风压高度变化系数可根据各搂层标高处的高度Hi,由表查得标准高度值,,再用线形插值法求得所求各层高度的值,具体结果见表5-9。在本设计中,整体结构近似为矩形,H/B=27.5/17.6=1.5625<4,取。二、计算各楼层标高处的风荷载(z)基本风压为=0.35kN/㎡,图中轴横向框架梁,其负载宽度为3.9米。由式可算得沿房屋高度的风荷载标准值:q(z)=3.9根据各楼层高度Hi,查得代入上式,可得各楼层标高处q(z)见表5-9,其中(z)为迎风面,=0.8,(z)为背风面,=-0.5。表2-18风荷载标准值计算层次(m)女儿墙28.01.38611.422.149-1.343727.01.3690.9641.412.108-1.317623.41.3080.8361.371.960-1.224519.81.2460.7071.331.810-1.131416.21.2720.5791.2651.757-1.098312.61.0730.4501.2441.457-0.91129.01.0000.3211.1871.296-0.81114.81.0000.1711.1001.201-0.751其对应的风荷载分布图见图2-10:图2-10风荷载沿房屋高度的分布(单位:kN/m)三、按静力等效原理将分布风荷载转化为节点集中荷载如图2-11所示。第六层,即屋面处的集中荷载F6要考虑女儿墙的影响。F7=0.5×[2.108+(2.108+1.960)/2]×1.8+(2.108+2.149)/2+0.5×{[1.317+(1.317+1.224)/2]×1.8+(1.317+1.343)/2=9.515kN同理,可算得F6=11.462kN,F5=10.658kN,F4=10.098kN,F3=9.314kN,F2=8.250kN,F1=7.694kN。图2-11等效节点集中风荷载(单位:kN)2.4.2风荷载作用下的水平位移验算其验算方法与水平地震作用下的验算方法类似,具体过程见表2-19:满足规范要求。表2-19风荷载作用下框架层间剪力及侧移计算层次79.5159.5159643880.00990.3210611.46220.9779643880.02180.3111510.65831.6359643880.0330.2894410.09841.7339643880.04330.256639.31451.0479643880.05290.213328.25059.2978642040.06860.160417.69466.9917300460.09180.0918楼层最大位移与楼层层高之比:满足位移要求。图2-12横向风荷载作用及楼层地震剪力2.4.3风荷载作用下框架的内力计算框架在风荷载下的内力用D值法计算,其步骤为:(1)求各柱反弯点处的剪力值;(2)求各柱反弯点高度,其中y0是按受均布水平力作用查的表;(3)求各柱的杆端弯矩和剪力;(4)求梁端弯矩、剪力及柱轴力。具体计算过程见表2-20至表2-24。在内力计算中,主要针对所取计算单元进行内力计算,并采用D值法进行计算。框架柱端剪力及弯矩分别按下列式子计算:首先求出各轴柱的反弯点高度,计算过程见表2-20和2-24,其中y0是按受倒三角形分布水平力作用查的表。表2-20风荷载作用下轴、轴框架柱反弯点位置计算层次h(m)Kyyh(m)73.61.240.3620000.3621.303263.61.240.4120000.4121.483253.61.240.450000.451.620043.61.240.4620000.4621.663233.61.240.4620000.4621.663224.21.340.5000000.52.100014.81.480.6020000.6023.1906表2-21凤荷载作用下轴、轴框架柱反弯点位置计算层次h(m)Kyyh(m)73.62.40.420000.421.51263.62.40.450000.451.6253.62.40.470000.471.69243.62.40.50000.51.833.62.40.50000.51.824.21.9140.50000.52.114.81.860.5640000.5642.9892求出了反弯点高度后,就可根据反弯点高度求出柱端弯矩和剪力。具体计算过程见表2-22和表2-23。表2-24横向框架在风荷载作用下梁端弯矩、剪力及柱轴力计算层次AB跨梁BC跨梁柱轴力NA、D70.1850.1175.10.0590.3090.3097.40.0840.0590.02560.4810.3285.10.1590.8690.8697.40.2350.2180.10150.7951.4695.10.4443.8923.8927.41.0520.6620.70941.1192.0025.10.6125.3055.3057.41.4341.2741.53131.4272.65.10.7907.8897.8897.42.1322.0642.87321.5573.3265.10.9578.8138.8137.42.3823.0214.29812.1144.1485.11.22810.99110.9917.42.9714.2496.041注:表中剪力和轴力的量纲为kN,弯矩的量纲为kN·m,梁跨度l的量纲为m。其对应的弯矩和剪力、轴力图见图2-13和2-14。表2-22横向框架A轴、D轴在水平地震作用下柱端弯矩及剪力计算层次(N/mm)(N/mm)(m)(kN·m)(kN·m)79.51596438881710.0080.081.3030.1050.185620.97796438881710.0080.181.4830.2640.376531.63596438881710.0080.271.6200.4340.531441.73396438881710.0080.351.6630.5890.685351.04796438881710.0080.431.6630.7190.838259.29786420458180.0070.402.1000.8380.838166.99173004665930.0090.603.1911.9301.276表2-23横向框架B轴、C轴在凤荷载作用下柱端弯矩及剪力计算层次(N/mm)(N/mm)(m)(kN·m)(kN·m)79.515964388206740.0210.201.5120.3080.426620.977964388206740.0210.451.6200.7290.890531.635964388206740.0210.681.6921.1471.294441.733964388206740.0210.891.8001.6101.610351.047964388206740.0211.091.8001.9701.970259.297864204181200.0211.242.1002.6112.611166.991730046146270.0201.342.9824.0123.102图2-13左风作用下轴横向框架剪力和轴力图(单位:kN·m)