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武汉大学生命科学学院2003－2004学年第一学期期末考试《分子生物学》试卷及参考答案FinalexamofMolecularBiologyCourse(Spring2004)写在参考答案前面的话：该课程考试目的是考查学生对所学知识掌握的情况，除选择题外，其他题目的答案基本都不是唯一的。你可以从不同的角度去阐明一个概念。公布参考答案的目的：为该课程画个句号，让学生过个安心暑假BestwishestoallofyouPARTI:DESCRIPTION(2pointseach)Youranswershoulddescribewhateachitemisandhowitfunctionsinthecell.Diagrams,structureandsequenceinformationshouldbeincludedinyouranswer,asnecessary.1.Yeastartificialchromosome:①酵母人工染色体（0.5point）②containscomponentsrequiredforreplicationandsegregationofthenaturalyeastchromosome,includingtwotelomericsequences(TEL),onecentromere(CEN)andoneautonomouslyreplicatingsequences(ARS)(0.75point)③containsgenesactasselectivemarkersinyeastandproperrestrictionsites(0.75point)④canaccommodategenomicDNAfragmentsofmorethan1Mb(0.5point)2.RNAinterference:①RNA干扰（0.5point）②aconservedbiologicalresponsetodouble-strandedRNA(1point)③regulatestheexpressionofprotein-codinggenesthroughsiRNAormiRNA(1point)④thedsRNAisrestrictedbyDICER,thenRISCmediatesthesiRNAandmiRNArelatedRNAdegradationandtranslationinhibition,respectively.(1point)3.Proteomics①蛋白组学（0.5point）Thestudyoftheproteomeusingtechniquesofhighresolutionproteinseparationandidentification(1.5point)④Thebestseparationmethodistwodimensionalgelelectrophoresis,theindividualproteinspotsarethencutfromthegelandtreatedwithproteasetoproduceasetofpeptidescharacteristicofthatprotein.TheprecisemassesofeachpeptideinthesamplearethendeterminedbyMALDImassspectrometry.Theresultedpeptidemassfingerprintofthatproteinisthencomparedtoadatabasetodeducethefunctionofthatproteinetc.(1.5point)4.Shine-Dalgarnosequence①SD序列（0.5point）②Aconservedsequence8-13ntupstreamofthefirstcodontobetranslated(1point).③ThissequencewasdiscoveredbyShineandDalgarno(0.5point)④Thesequenceispurine-richandcontainsallorpartof5’-AGGAGGU-3’(0.5point)⑤Canbase-pairwiththe3’-endofthe16SrRNA(0.5point)5.Alternativesplicing①可变剪接（0.5point）②ThegenerationofdifferentmaturemRNAsfromaparticulartypeofgenetranscriptbychoosingdifferent5’-and3’-splicesites(2point).6.Ribozyme①核酶（0.5point）②anRNAmoleculecapableofcatalyzingachemicalreaction(2point).7.-dependenttermination①-依赖型转录终止（0.5point）②Duringbacterialtranscription,someterminatorsitesdonotformstronghairpins,thusterminationofthetranscriptionbybacterialRNApolymeraserequirestheassistanceofanaccessoryfactorcalledrho(protein(2point).8.RNAediting①RNA编辑（0.5point）②AformofRNAprocessinginwhichnucleotidesequenceoftheprimarytranscriptisalteredbyeitherchanging,insertingordeletingresiduesatthespecificpointsalongthemolecule(2point).9.DNAlesions①DNA损伤（0.5point）②AnalterationtothenormalchemicalorphysicalstructureoftheDNA(2point).③ThelesionscanleadtocelldeathorDNAmutation(1point).10.Proteintargeting①蛋白定位（0.5point）②Synthesisofeukaryoticproteinsisusuallyoccurredincytoplasm(0.5point).③However,manyproteinsneedtobetransportedtospecificcellularlocations,suchasnucleus,mitochondrionorchloroplast,toexerttheirbiologicalfunctions.Thisprocessiscalledproteintargeting(1point).④Theultimatecellularlocationofproteinsisoftendeterminedbyspecific,relativeshort,aminoacidsequenceswithintheproteinsthemselves.Thesequenceinsideofaproteindeterminingthecellularlocationoftheproteiniscalledsignalsequence(1point).PARTII:MULTIPLECHOICES(1pointseach)Selecttheonebestanswerforeachquestion.1.Thecatalyticactivityforpeptidebondformation(thepeptidyltransferaseactivity)islocatedinthe:1)RNAofthelargeribosomalsubunit.2)leadersequenceofthemessengerRNA.3)RNAofthesmallribosomalsubunit.4)proteinsofthesmallribosomalsubunit.5)proteinsofthelargeribosomalsubunit.2.Bidirectionalandsemi-conservativearetwotermsthatreferto:1)transcription.2)translation.3)replication.4)alloftheabove.5)noneoftheabove.3.Thefactthatmostaminoacidsarespecifiedbymultiplecodonsisknownas:1)the“wobble”phenomenon.2)theuniversalityofthegeneticcode.3)codonbias.4)theanticodonhypothesis.5)theredundancyofthegeneticcode.4.RNApolymeraseIistheeukaryoticenzymeresponsiblefor:1)transcriptionofribosomalRNA.2)transcriptionoftransferRNAandothersmallRNAspecies.3)transcriptionofmessengerRNA.4)initiationofOkazakifragmentsynthesisinDNAreplication.5.RestrictionenzymescancleaveDNAthatiseithersingle-strandedordouble-stranded,aslongasitcontainstheappropriaterecognitionsite.1)True2)False6.Informationaboutthesequenceofthecodingregionofageneisbestobtainedfrom:1)aYACclone.2)agenomicclone.3)acDNAclone.4)theprotein.7.Achromatographymethodthatcanbeusedspecificallytopurifyproteinsbasedontheirchargeis:1)gelfiltrationchromatography.2)ion-exchangechromatography.3)DNAaffinitychromatography.4)antibodyaffinitychromatography.8.AnonsensemutationisachangeintheDNAsequencethatresultsin:1)asmalldeletionorinsertion.2)anaminoacidchangeintheproteinencodedbythegene.3)aprematurestopcodon.4)alloftheabove.5)noneoftheabove.9.Aproteincomplexinvolvedindegradationofproteinswithinthecellisknownasthe:1)ubiquitin/proteasomesystem.2)molecularchaperone.3)chaperonin.4)ribosome.5)Krebs/TCAcycle.10.___bindstotherepressorandturnonthetranscriptionofthestructuralgenesintheLacoperon.1)cAMP2)lactose3)allolactose4)CRP11.Whichofthe