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中国历史与文化京剧Pekingopera秦腔Qinopera功夫Kungfu太极Taichi口技ventriloquism木偶戏puppetshow皮影戏shadowplay折子戏operahighlights杂技acrobatics相声wittydialoguecomedy刺绣embroidery泥人clayfigure书法calligraphy中国画traditionalChinesepainting水墨画Chinesebrushpainting中国结Chineseknot中国古代四大发明thefourgreatinventionsofancientChina火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针thecompass青铜器bronzeware瓷器porcelain；china唐三彩tri-colorglazedpotteryoftheTangDynasty景泰蓝cloisonné秋千swing武术martialarts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucianculture道教Taoism墨家Mohism法家Legalism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子LaoTzu庄子ChuangTzu墨子MoTzu孙子SunTzu象形文字pictographiccharacters文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）theFourTreasuresoftheStudy(brush,ink,stick,paper,andinkstone)《大学》TheGreatLearning《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMean《论语》TheAnalectsofConfucius《孟子》TheMencius《孙子兵法》TheArtofWar《三国演义》ThreeKingdoms《西游记》JourneytotheWest《红楼梦》DreamoftheRedMansions《水浒传》HeroesoftheMarshes《山海经》TheClassicofMountainsandRivers《资治通鉴》HistoryasaMirror《春秋》TheSpringandAutumnAnnals《史记》HistoricalRecords《诗经》TheBooksofSongs《易经》TheIChing;；TheBooksofChanges《礼记》TheBooksofRites《三字经》There-characterScriptures八股文eight-partessay五言绝句five-characterquatrain七言律诗seven-characteroctave旗袍cheongsam中山装Chinesetunicsuit唐装Tangsuit风水Fengshui；geomanticomen阳历Solarcalendar阴历Lunarcalendar闰年leapyear十二生肖zodiac春节theSpringFestival元宵节theLanternFestival清明节theTomb-sweepingFestival端午节theDragon-boatFestival中秋节theMid-autumnDay重阳节theDouble-ninthDay七夕节theDouble-seventhDay春联springcouplets庙会templefair爆竹firecracker年画（traditional）NewYearpictures压岁钱NewYeargift-money舞龙dragondance元宵sweetstickyricedumplings花灯festivallantern灯谜lanternriddle舞狮liondance踩高跷stiltwalking赛龙舟dragonboatrace胡同hutong山东幕Shangdongcuisine川菜Sichuancuisine粤菜cantoncuisine扬州菜Yangzhoucuisine月饼mooncake年糕ricecake油条deep-frieddoughsticks豆浆soybeanmilk馒头steamedbuns花卷steamedtwistedrolls包子steamedstuffedbuns北京烤鸭Beijingroastduck拉面hand-stretchednoodles馄饨wonton(dumplingsinsoup)豆腐tofu；beancurd麻花frieddoughtwist烧饼clayovenrolls皮蛋100-yearegg；centuryegg蛋炒饭friedricewithegg糖葫芦tomatoesonsticks火锅hotpot长城theGreatWallofChina烽火台beacontower秦始皇陵theMausoleumofEmperorQinshihuang兵马俑TerracottaWarriorsandHorses大雁塔BigWildGoosePagoda丝绸之路theSilkRoad敦煌莫高窟MogaoGrottoes华清池huaqingHotSprings五台山WutaiMountain九华山jiuhuaMountain峨眉山MountEmei泰山MountTai黄山MountHuangshan；theyellowMountain故宫theImperialPalace天坛theTempleofHeaven午门MeridianGate大运河GrandCanal护城河theMoat回音壁EchoWall居庸关JuyongguanPass九龙壁theNineDragonWall黄帝陵theMausoleumofEmperorHuangdi十三陵theMingTombs苏州园林SuzhouGardens西湖WestLake九寨沟JiuzhaigouValley日月潭SunMoonLake布达拉宫PotalaPalace鼓楼drumtower四合院quadrangle；courtyardcomplex孔庙ConfiiciusTemple乐山大佛LeshanGiantBuddha十八罗汉theEighteenDisciplesoftheBuddha喇嘛Lama转世灵通reincamatedsoulboy中药traditionalChinesemedicine针灸acupuncture《黄帝内经》EmperorHuangdi’sCanonofTraditional《神农本草经》Shennong’sHerbalClassic《本草纲目》CompendiwnofMateriaMedica推拿medicalmassage切脉feelingthepulse五禽戏five-animalexercises旧石器时代thePaleolithicage新石器时代theNeolithicAge；NewStoneAge母系氏族社会matriarchalclansociety封建的feudal朝代dynasty秦朝QinDynasty汉朝HanDynasty唐朝TangDynasty宋朝SongDynasty元朝YuanDynasty明朝MingDynasty清朝QingDynasty秦始皇帝EmperorQinshihuang；theFirstEmperorofQin皇太后EmpressDowager成吉思汗GenghisKhan汉高祖刘邦LiuBang，EmperorHangaozu，founderoftheHanDynasty春秋时期theSpringandAutumnPeriod文成公主TangPrincessWencheng慈禧太后EmpressDowagerCiXi皇帝，君主emperor；monarch诸侯vassal皇妃imperialconcubine丞相，宰相primeminister太监courteunuch少数民族ethnicminority祭祀offersacrifices西域theWesternRegions战国theWarringStates中华文明Chinesecivilization文明的摇篮cradleofcivilization鸦片战争theOpiumWar秦始皇统一中国unificationofthecountrybyEmperorQinshihuang太平天国theTaipingHeavenlyKingdom戊戌变法theReformMovementof1898辛亥革命the1911Revolution新民主主义革命New-democraticRevolution五四运动theMay4thMovementof1919南昌起义NanchangUprising918事变September18thIncident长征theLongMarch西安事变Xi’anIncident南京大屠杀NanjingMassacre毛泽东MaoTse–tong抗日战争theWarofResistanceAgainstJapan孙中山SunYat-sen蒋介石ChiangKai-shek国民党Kuomingtang满族Manchu中华人民共和国ThePeople'sRepublicofChina蒙古人Mongol士大夫scholar-officials学者scholar政治家statesman社会地位socialstatus中国社会多元文化论culturalpluralism文化适应acculturation社会保障socialsecurity独生子女theonlychildinafamily搬迁户arelocatedunitorhousehold班车shuttlebus大龄青年singleyouthabovethenormalmatrimonialage青年singleparent福利彩票welfarelotteries家政服务householdmanagementservice民工migrantlaborers名人celebrity农村剩余劳动力surplusrurallabor青春期puberty全民健身运动nationwidefitnesscampaign全国人口普查nationwidecensus社会保障socialinsurance暂住证temporaryresidencepermit/card青少年犯罪juveniledelinquency性骚扰sexualharassment走私smuggling性别歧视gender/sexualnationwide年龄歧视agenationwide工作歧视jobnationwide享乐主义hedonism文盲illiteracy贫富分化disparitybetweentherichandthepoor盗版pirated/illegalcopies一国两制OneCountry，TwoSystems三个代表theThereRepresentsTheory南南合作South-SouthCooperation两会TwoConferences南北对话South-southDialog人大常委会People’sCongressStandingCommittee法制观念awarenessoflaw改革开放reformandopening-up法制国家acountrywithanadequatelegalsystem公务员civilservants官僚主义作风thebureaucraticstyleofwork和谐并存harmoniouscoexistence计划生育familyplanning计划生育基本国策thebasicstatepolicyoffamilyplanning精神文明建设theconstructionofspiritualcivilization居委会neighborhoodcommittee可持续发展sustainabledevelopment科教兴国nationalrejuvenationthroughscienc