商业银行经营评价（英文版）

1/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）第二章商业银行经营评价对外经济贸易大学金融学院何自云2/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）第二章商业银行经营评价BalanceSheetIncomeStatementRelationshipbetweenBalanceSheetandIncomeStatementReturnonEquityModel股份制商业银行风险评级体系PerformanceCharacteristicsofDifferent-sizedBanks3/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）BalanceSheetItisastatementoffinancialpositionlistingassetsowned,liabilitiesowed,andowner’sequityasofaspecificdate.Assets=Liabilities+Equity.Balancesheetfiguresarecalculatedataparticularpointintimeandthusrepresentstockvalues.4/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）ChinaBigFourBanks(12/31/2002)v.s.AllUSBanks(12/31/2002)Asset(%)Liabilities(%)CNUSCNUSLoans60.261.4Deposits81.465.8Investments6.623.1Borrowings14.927.2Cash24.89.1Other8.47.4Capital3.87.1Total100100Total1001005/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）PNCBank(12/31/2000,TA:63bn)v.s.CommunityNationalBank(12/31/00,TA:0.1bn)Asset(%)Liabilities(%)PNCCNBPNCCNBLoans78.064.9Deposits72.891.7Investments8.725.6Borrowings18.91.0Cash5.65.7Other7.73.9Capital8.37.3Total100100Total1001006/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）BankAssets:LoansLoansarethemajorassetinmostbanks’portfoliosandgeneratethegreatestamountofincomebeforeexpensesandtaxes.Theyalsoexhibitthehighestdefaultriskandarerelativelyilliquid.7/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）Loans:CategoriesRealestateloansCommercialloansLoanstoindividualsAgriculturalloansOtherloansindomesticofficesLoansandleasesinforeignofficesThreeadjustmentsLeases;Unearnedincome;Lossallowance8/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）PNCandCNB:Loanportfolio(2000)PNCCNBRealestate37.037.0Commercial28.819.4Individuals5.64.3Agricultural0.00Domesticother7.34.7International0.50Unearnedincome-0.20Lossallowance-1.0-0.5Total78.064.99/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）BankAssets:InvestmentsecuritiesInvestmentsecuritiesareheldtoearninterest,helpmeetliquidityneedsspeculateoninterestratemovementsserveaspartofabank’sdealerfunctions.Theadministrationandtransactioncostsareextremelylow.10/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）BankAssets:InvestmentsecuritiesShort-terminvestmentsInterest-bearingbankbalances(depositsduefromotherbanks)federalfundssoldsecuritiespurchasedunderagreementtoresell(RPs)TreasurybillsmunicipaltaxwarrantsLong-terminvestment:notesandbondsTreasurysecuritiesObligationsoffederalagenciesMortgage-backed,foreign,andcorporate11/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）BankAssets:NoninterestcashandduefrombanksItconsistsofvaultcash,depositsheldatFederalReserveBanksdepositsheldatotherfinancialinstitutionscashitemsintheprocessofcollectionTheseassetsareheldtomeetcustomerwithdrawalneedsmeetlegalreserverequirementsassistincheckclearingandwiretransferseffectthepurchaseandsaleofTreasurysecurities12/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）BankAssets:OtherassetsOtherassetsareresidualassetsofrelativelysmallmagnitudessuchasbankersacceptancespremisesandequipmentotherrealestateownedandothersmalleramounts13/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）BankLiabilitiesThecharacteristicsofvariousdebtinstrumentsdifferintermsofcheck-writingcapabilitiesinterestpaidmaturitywhethertheycarryFDICinsurancewhethertheycanbetradedinthesecondarymarket.14/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）Bankliabilities:DepositsDemanddepositstransactionsaccountsthatpaynointerestNegotiableordersofwithdrawal(NOWs)andautomatictransfersfromsavings(ATS)accountspayinterestsetbyeachbankwithoutfederalrestrictionsMoneymarketdepositaccounts(MMDAs)paymarketrates,butacustomerislimitedtonomorethansixchecksorautomatictransferseachmonth15/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）Bankliabilities:DepositsTwogeneraltimedepositscategoriesexist:Timedepositsinexcessof$100,000,labeledjumbocertificatesofdeposit(CDs).SmallCDs,consideredcoredepositswhichtendtobestabledepositsthataretypicallynotwithdrawnovershortperiodsoftime.DepositsheldinforeignofficesbalancesissuedbyabanksubsidiarylocatedoutsidetheU.S.16/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）CoredopositsCoredepositsarestabledepositsthatarenothighlyinterestrate-sensitive.Coredepositsaremoresensitivetothefeescharged,servicesrendered,andlocationofthebank.Coredepositsinclude:demanddeposits,NOWaccounts,MMDAs,andsmalltimedeposits.17/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（）Borrowings(volatilefunds)Large,orvolatile,borrowingsareliabilitiesthatarehighlyrate-sensitive.Normallyissuedinuninsureddenominations.Theirabilitytoborrowissensitivetothemarketsperceptionoftheirassetquality.Volatileliabilitiesornetnon-coreliabilitiesinclude:largeCDs(over100,000)depositsinforeignofficesfederalfundspurchasedrepurchaseagreementsotherborrowingswithmaturitieslessthanoneyear18/69Copyright©2004byHeZiyun商业银行世界（Http: