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1CoursedescriptionThisisacoursetogivethestudentsageneralintroductiontothenaturesofC-Etranslation,thebasicmethodsorskillsofC-ETranslation.Manyexercisesaredoneinclassandoutsideclasssoastotrainstudents’abilityoftranslation,hopingthat,attheendofthecourse,thestudentscanhaveapracticalunderstandingofhowtodoC-Etranslation,andachievethetranslationlevelsuggestedbyEnglishMajor’steachingoutline,thatis,totranslate250-300wordsperhourwiththetranslationbeingfaithful,smooth,andreadable.第一讲汉英语言对比1.Theconceptsofparataxis&hypotaxis;2.Parataxis&hypotaxisinEnglishandChinese;3.Parataxis&hypotaxisinE-CandC-EtranslationTheconceptsofparataxis&hypotaxis1、英语重物称，汉语重人称；英语重静态，汉语重动态；英语重被动，汉语重主动；英语重主语，汉语重主题等；2、英汉语最重要的区别是英语重形parataxis汉语重意合hypotaxis3、形合（parataxis）：Thedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclauseswithconnectives;e.g.Ishalldespairifyoudon’tcome.(用连接词体现分句之间的依附或从属关系的结构，如：我会很失望如果你不来。)4、意合（hypotaxis）：Thearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem;e.g.Therainfell;theriverflooded;thehousewaswashedaway.分句之间不靠关联词而依仗次序来体现相互关系，如：下雨了，河水泛滥，冲毁了房屋)1、“中国语里多用意合法，联结成分并非必须；西文多用形合法，联结成分在大多数情况下是不可缺少的”。--王力2、英语重形合，意思是指英语语言符号之间有较强的逻辑关系，语言信息的表达依靠符号按一定的语法逻辑关系排列组合，通过各种有形的联结手段来传达一定的意思。3、英语词汇中就有通过词的形式变化，如派生词、名词复数形式、动词的各种时态形式和人称代词格的形式，来表示意义的变化。在句子结构上，句子的各个成分要由各种连接词（and,but,because,so,etc.）、介词（of,with,in,etc.），关系词（who,when,where,which,that,how,etc.）和状语功能的分词结构（-ed和-ing）等连接起来，句子组织严密，层次紧紧扣接，呈现空间性树形结构。例如：--Whatisequallyquestionableiswhetheracollegedegree,assuch,isproperevidencethatthosenewskillsthataretrulyneededwillbedelivered.4、相比之下，汉语重意合结构比较松散，很少用连接词，多用小句。句子简洁明快，干净利落，句子结构呈流散铺排式。例如：车未停稳，切勿上下。近闻夫人健康如常，颇感欣慰。ItisasupremecomforttomewhenIaminformedthatyouareashealthyasever.亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。Itisnottoolatetomendthefoldevenaftersomesheephavebeenlost风住了，路上还很静，我走着，一面想，几乎不敢想到我自己。Thewindstoppedandtheroadwasstillquiet.AsIwalkedalongthinking,Ihardlydaredtothinkaboutmyself.Graspall,loseall.如果样样都抓，就会一样也抓不到。1.Youhavelittlecausetomakeexcessivedemandsfromothersandmakeyourselfdisappointedinreturn.1、对人太苛求，没有什么道理，自己也容易失望。2.Iweakened,softenedbymymother’sever-lastinglovethathadneverbeenreciprocatedwithlove.Intheend,IdecidedtoenrollintheChineseDepartment,followingmymother’swish.2、我软化了，我被母亲那颗永远充满了爱而又从来缺少爱的心软化了。我终于决定按照母亲的愿望，报考中文系。3.Attheageoftwenty,it’sbettertobefamousbeforeit’stoolate,Ibelieved.Whatwouldbethespiceoflifeforapersondesertedbyfamewhenapproachingthirty?Afterthirty,fameseemsstillbeyondreach,yetbeingasrichasmybossatfortybecomesmynewdream.3、二十岁的时候，我想出名要趁早，一个人到了三十岁还籍籍无名那还活个什么劲儿呀？三十岁之后，名是不指望了，只是希望在四十岁的时候能像我的老板一样有钱。24.IfIhadknownit,Iwouldnothavecomehere.4、早知如此，我就不来了。5.Chinaisacountrywith5,000yearsofcivilization.Therefore,itisimportanttoapproachChinafromahistoricalandculturalperspective.5、中国是一个有五千年文明历史的国家，从历史文化来了解和认识中国，是一个重要的视角。6.Thisisonlymypersonalview,whichmightbewrong.Thankyouverymuch!6、这是我个人的想法，不见得恰当。谢谢！7.Here,IwouldliketomakesomeobservationsonChina’stextileexport,whichIhopewillhelpyouunderstandthepresentsituationbetter.Here,IwouldliketomakeanaccountontheexportofChina’stextileproductsinthehopethatallofyouwillhaveaclearerpictureonthepresentsituation.7、这里，我想就中国纺织品出口的问题谈些看法，希望有助于诸位对现状的了解。8.DuringtheMingandQingDynasties,thefeudalrulersadoptedapolicyofseclusion,whichhamperedChina’sprogressanditsexchangeswiththeoutsideworld.8、明清两个朝代，封建统治者实行闭关锁国政策，阻碍了中国的进步和中外交流。9.Becausetheworkwassohard,wewereverygratefultohim.9、工作非常不易，我们很感激他。Astheweatherwasfine,wedecidedtoholdthereceptionintheopenair.10、天气很好，我们决定举行露天招待会。Dynamicvs.StativeEnglish:nounadvantagehighfrequencyofnounusagestativenarrationChinese:verbadvantagehighfrequencyofverbusagedynamicnarrationeg.Heisachain-smokerofcigarettes.(stative)Hesmokescigarettesoneafteranother.(dynamic)Therearewhitecloudsinthebluesky.(stative)Whitecloudsarefloatinginthebluesky.(dynamic)夸奖一回，奉承一回，把老太太的心都说活了。（《红楼梦》）Alltheirpraiseandflatteryarehavingsomeeffectontheoldlady.当时一个朋友对我说，北京戏最好，你不去见见世面吗？（《社戏》）AfriendtoldmeBeijinghadthebestoperathatseeingitwasanexperiencenottobemissed.这充分说明，中国人独立自主的民族精神具有巨大的力量。ThisfullytestifiesthattheindependentnationalspiritoftheChinesepeoplehastremendousstrength.ThisisafulltestimonytothetremendousstrengthoftheindependentnationalspiritoftheChinesepeople.扫除了这些障碍，中美关系就可以更好地发展，可以给双方带来更大的经济利益。Ifthesebarriersareclearedaway,Sino-USrelationscanbebetterdeveloped,andbothsidescangetmoreeconomicbenefitsfromit.RemovaloftheseobstaclescanleadtobetterdevelopmentofSino-USrelationsandmoreeconomicbenefitsforbothsides.中国幅员辽阔，自然资源丰富，廉价劳动力充裕，税收低，消费者市场不断增长，基础设施不断完善。Chinaboastsvastterritory,abundantnaturalresources,richinexpensivelabour,lowtaxation,agrowingconsumermarketandimprovinginfrastructure.我们不能不看到发展中国家与发达国家之间的经济差距在继续扩大，发展中国家的经济状况也很不平衡。Onecannotbutnoticethewideningeconomicgapbetweenthedevelopinganddevelopedcountriesandthegeneralimbalanceintheeconomicsituationamongthedevelopingcountriesthemselves.随着本地区经济的蓬勃发展，亚太区域的经贸联系日益密切，经贸合作不断加强。TheboomingregionaleconomicdevelopmentwillleadtoincreasinglyclosereconomicandtradetiesaswellaseverstrongercooperationinthisregardintheAsiaPacificRegion3我们希望亚太各国密切合作，共同繁荣。Wehopetoseec