搜索
1《有机化学》试题答案一、选择填空1．B2．Ｄ３．Ａ４．Ｂ５．Ｂ６．Ｂ７．Ｃ８．Ｃ９．Ａ１０．Ａ二、填空１．A.4—甲基—２—己烯B.乙酸苯酯Ｃ.甘氨酰半胱氨酸Ｄ.３—甲基—２—丁烯醛４.不对称烯烃与卤化氢加成时，氢（ＨＸ中）主要加在含氢较多的双键碳原子上。或不对称烯烃加成时，亲电试剂主要加在电子密度较高的双键碳原子上。５．链的引发、链的增长、链的终止。６．１５个。10.AgNO3—ＣＨ３ＣＨ２ＯＨ（除此之外，还可用NaI—丙酮溶液）。三、排列顺序１．ＢＣＥＤＡ２.BDEAC3.DABCE4.ADCB5.ACBD四、判断1．a.苯甲醛b.苯甲醇c.对甲苯酚d.苯甲酸2.a.淀粉b.果糖c.葡萄糖d.蔗糖五、完成反应CH3OCHCH3CH3O2NCOOCH3HOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3OH-d.c.b.a.CONHCH3OOHOHOHOHCH2OH2.3.CH3SOOCl或HNO27.(H)(H)RCHCH3OHRCOCH38.9.CH3CH3R1.CH3CH3CH2Br无水AlCl3CH3CH2CH3KMnO4H+COOHCOOH2.KMnO4NH3CHCH2COOHCH3CH33.CH3ClOCH3HIOH+CH3IONa4.OOHSO3NaO(+SO2+H2O+Na+)CH3COONa+NH2)CH3COCl(or(CH3CO)2O5.CHCCH3CHOCHOHCHCH3CHO6.7.CH3CCH3CH2OMgBrCH2CH3CH3CCH3CH2OHCH2CH3H2OH+8.OHCNH2Ni9.NaNO2HClo5～℃CNCH310.NH3CH2CHCOOHOH+N211.CHCCH2OHNNNHNH2六、合成化合物、七、推导结构（式中n4、n3、n1分别为四价、三价、一价原子的数目）苯环有三个双键和一个环，其不饱和度为4，故分子中还应有一个双键。能与NaOH和三氯化铁反应，说明为酚；能生成腙，能发生碘仿反应，说明为甲基酮。据此可推断可能的结构为：（反应式约）2．不饱和度为1，NaOH煮沸后水解生成盐，可能为羧酸衍生物，产生的气体与HCl生成盐，气体应为氨、胺，故原物可能为酰胺。根据分子式，可能的结构有它们水解产生的气体与HCl形成的盐分别为：《有机化学》期中试题一、命名和写出结构或构型式⑴3—甲基己烷⑵E—3—甲基—2—庚烯⑶2—乙基—1—溴戊烷⑷对甲基苯酚⑸3—苯基—2—丙烯醛⑹R—2,3—二羟基丙酸1． 由分子式求不饱和度5=2081+8=2n3n11+n4=Ω12.CH2CHCH2OHOHOH++C17H35COONa2C17H31COONa1.CH3CH2BrAlCl3无水CH2CH3HNO3H2SO4KMnO4CH2CH3O2NCOOHNO2CH3CHCH3CNCH3CHCH3BrH2OH+KCNHBrCH3CHCH22.CH3CHCH3COClCH3CHCH3COOHPCl3NH2BrBrBrN+NCl-BrBrBr50HClNaNO2H2OBr2NH23.℃～BrBrBr)CH3CH2OH(orH3PO2HOCOCH3OHCOCH3OHCOCH3CH3CH2CNHCH3OCH3CONHC2H5C3H7CONH2HCNHC3H7ONH4+Cl-CH3NH3+Cl-C2H5NH3+Cl-C3H7NH3+Cl-()但C3H7NH2为液体+++=52.6%635.635.61412计算含氯量CH3NH3+Cl-:所以化合物为:CH3CH2CONHCH3N甲基丙酰胺(反应约)HOHHOHCHOCH2OHCH2CH2OHOHH2NCONH2987())()(CH3COOCH2CH2CHCH3CH310()3二、完成下列反应式，并选择相应的反应名称填入空内三、选择填空1．A2.D3.B4.D5.C6.A7.C8.C9.A10.B11.B、C12.C、D13.B、C、D14.A、B、D15.B、C、D16.A、B、D17.B、C（C改为CH3CH2OH）18.A、D19.D20.B、C五、合成化合物六、应用倒推法，即由最终产物乙酸和丁酮先推得C，结合反应可得B和A（反应约）高等林业院校有机化学统一考试题（二）答案一、命名化合物或写出化合物的结构1．2—甲基—5—乙基—3—辛烯2.2—甲基—4—羟基苯磺酸3.邻苯二甲酸酐4.2—羟基—6—氨基嘌呤二、写出下列反应的主要产物2.))((+CH2OHCOONa歧化反应碘仿反应NaOINaOHI21.()(取代反应)4.CHCHCHOCH33.)(羟醛缩合CH3CH2CCH3CH3OH克莱森酯缩合反应付克烷基化反应(())5.6.CH3COOCH2CH3COOHCH2CH3+(氧化反应)7.CHOOH(CH2)14CH3OHCOO-NH4+(CH2)14CH3+AgAg(NH3)2OH+)+8.酯化反应CH3CH2COOHCH3OHH2SO4CH3CH2COOCH3H2O(还原反应9.()CHCHCHOCHCHCH2OHNaBH410.皂化反应()CH2CHCH2OHOHOH++C17H35COONa2C11H23COONa1.O2NCOOHCH2CH3COOHCH3CH2BrAlCl3KMnO4HNO3H2SO4无水H+H2SO4H2OKMnO4浓2.CH3CHCH2CH3CHCH3OSO3HCH3CHCH3OHCH3COCH3()或CH3CHCH2HBrCH3CHCH3BrNaOHH2OCH3CHCH3OHCH3CH2CCHCH3CH3CH3CH2CHCH3CHCH3OHCH3CH2CHCH3CCH3OCBA5.HCONCH3CH36.CH3CH2CCH2OCOOCHCH3CH37.反9十四碳烯酸H2NCH2CONHCHCH3CONHCH2COOH8.9.OCH2OHOHOHOHOCH310.CH3CH3OHHHHO1.CH3CHOCH3CHO++HCCH2CHOO2.BrBr3.ClONaCH2OH4三、选择正确答案1．C2.C3.dabc4.D5.C6.B7.D8.D(脱氧核糖核酸)9.acb10.B四、鉴别下列各组化合物（反应式约）2CHOOHCCH3ONH2OFeCl3溶液ABCDE显蓝紫色不显色BACDEH2NNHNO2O2N黄无ACDE吐伦试剂银镜无银镜DCEI2NaOH黄C无E五、合成5.+4.OCH3CHNNHNO2O2N2CHI3HOOCCH2COOH7.6.++(CH3)2CHCHOHCCH3CH3CHOCOOHCOOHCH3OH8.CH3CHCH2COOCH3N2+9.10.COOHCOOH+HOOCCH3CH3CHCOOHNH2H2NCH2CHCH3CH3ba室温C2H5OHAgNO3CH3CHOHCH3CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2H2CHCH2CH2CHCH2Br不褪色褪色室温无水HClZnCl2CCl4Br2CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3CH2CHCH2BrCH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH2H2CHCH2CH3CHOHCH31.CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CHOHCH3CH3CH2CH2OHCH3CH2H2CHCH2CH2CHCH2BrAgBr不浑浊无ba加热后浑浊数分钟后浑浊3.葡萄糖果糖淀粉蔗糖蛋白质吐伦试剂银镜无银镜I2KI溶液果糖葡萄糖蛋白质蔗糖淀粉间苯二酚HCl蓝色无蓝色蛋白质蔗糖淀粉红色无红色葡萄糖果糖NaOH稀CuSO4紫色无紫色蛋白质蔗糖CH2CH2CNCNKCNCH2CH2BrBrBr2CH2CH2℃170H2SO4浓CH3CH2OHH+H2OCH2CH2CCOOOHOHOOO5六、判断下列各组化合物的性质规律1.b、c、g(CH3CH2OH)2.b、d、e、f3.gcfadeb4.fbecad七、写出顺反反异构体八、推导结构（过程及反应式约）高等林业院校有机化学统一考试题（一）答案一、命名化合物或写出化合物的结构1．1.2，3，3，6—四甲基—4—乙基庚烷2.对羟基苯磺酸3.甘氨酰丙氨酸4.5—硝基—2—呋喃甲醛5.N，N—二甲基对甲苯甲酰胺二、完成下列反应三、选择正确答案3氯丁烯醇1221醇丁烯氯3ZEHOCH2CCHCH3ClHOCH2CCCH3HCl无顺反异构HOCH2CHCCH3CH3b.a.c.d.ClClClClClCl顺式反式无顺反异构CHCHBrCH2CH3CH2CHCCH2CH3CH2BrH6.7.8.9.10.CH3CH3COOHCH(CH3)2H2NHOHOCH2OHOHOHOCH3(CH3CH2CH2)4N+Cl-OHNO2NO21.COOHCOOHCHCHOHCH3CHOCHOCH3CCH23.4.CH3BrCH2CH3CON(CH3)25.CH3CCH3CH3OCH2CH2CH36.7.8.CH3CCH3O()()CH2CH3CCH3CH3OMgBrCH2OCH3OHOCH3OCH3CH3OOCH3OH+CH3CCH2OCCH3CH3OHNaOCCH2OCCH3CH3OHCHI3+()()9.10.OHH3CNO2ClCH3CHCOOHNH2H2NCHCOOHCH2C6H5H2NCHCOOHCH2SH++61.②2.②④3.③4.①5.③6.②7.①②（③④均能划分为异戊二烯）8.③四、化合物性质规律判断1.④③②①2.①②③④3.②①③④4.①③②④5.②③①五、何种异构关系1.顺反异构2.对映体3.互变异构4.同一物5.同一物六、鉴别七、分离A．环己酮B.乙醚C.苯酚D.苯甲酸（水层HCl酸化沉淀者）八、完成下列转化九、推导由产物倒推：但天然存在的高级脂肪酸应为前者。（反应式约）OCHO不符合异戊二烯规则符合异戊二烯规则OHNH2NH2OH1.FeCl3溶液Br2H2O白色无白色ABDCABCD蓝紫色不显色无ABNaNO2HClCD(反应约)(反应约)不显色紫色无银镜银镜吐伦试剂H2OFeCl3DDCCBBAADCBA无黄I2NaOHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHOCH3CH2CCH2CH3OCH3CH2CH2CCH3OCH3CCH2CCH3OO2.(反应式约)C无蓝紫色蓝紫色水合茚三酮无银镜银镜吐伦试剂不显色KII2DDDDCCCBBAAA蛋白质淀粉麦芽糖蔗糖3.蓝色1.CH3CH2ClNaOHH2OCH3CH2OHCrO3吡啶室温CH3CHO稀NaOHCH3CHOHCH2CHOCH3CHCHCHOCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CH2ClH2NiPCl3CH2CH3CH3CH2Cl无水AlCl3Br2FeBr3CH2CH3BrCOOHBrCOOHBrNO2KMnO4H+HNO3H2SO42.COOHCOOH或