有机化学课前习题答案第一章绪论(略)第二章烷烃和环烷烃1、5种2、(1)异己烷(2)新庚烷(3)仲丁基(4)异丁基3、CH3CH2-CH-CH-CHCH2CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3|CH2CH3|CH3|(1)(2)CH3CH2-C-CH2-C-CH3CH3|CH3|CH3|CH3|CH3-CH-CH2-CH3CH3|(3)(4)CH3|CH3-C-CH2-CH3CH3|(5)CH3CH2CH2-CH-CH2CH2CH2CH3CH(CH3)2|CH3|CH3(CH2)3-CH-(CH2)3CH3CH-CH2CH3|(6)4、(1)CH3|CH3|CH3-CCH-CH3CH3|—(2)CH3|CH3-C-CH2-CH-CH3CH3|CH3|CH3|CH3-CCH-CH2-CH3CH3|CH3|和—5、(1)反-1,3-二甲基环戊烷(2)2,5,6-三甲基-2-环丙基庚烷(3)1,8-二甲基-2-乙基双环[3.2.1]辛烷(4)5,7-二甲基双环[2.2.2]-2-辛烯(5)2,6-二甲基螺[3.3]庚烷(6)1-甲基螺[2.5]-4-辛烯(7)CH3Br(8)CH3Cl(9)(10)(11)(11)6、(1)CH3BrCH(CH3)2(2)CH3|CH3-C-CH-CH2-C-CH3Br|CH3|Br|CH3|Cl(3)(4)CH3CH3COOHCH3CH3C=O+7、|ACH3B.CH2=CHCH2CH3C.CH3CHCH2CH3Br第三章对映异构1、(1)C2H5CH=CH-CH(CH3)-CH=CHC2H5无(2)ClOH**(3)OHCH3CH3CH3CH2****OHOOHNCH3*****(4)2、(1)对映体(2)非对映体(3)非对映体(4)对映体(5)顺反异构体(6)同一化合物3、(1)CH3HOHCH2CH3CH3FClCH2CH3R(2)SCH3HOHCH2CH2CH3R(3)CH3HClCH2CH3R(4)HFSCH3BrClCH2CH3R(5)CH3HOHCH3RHClS(6)4、CH3HClCH2CH3(1)COOHHClCH3(2)CH3HClCH2CH3HCl(3)COOHClHCOOHHBr(4)5、(1)√(2)×(3)×(4)×(5)×(6)×(7)√(8)×6、CH3CH2CHCl2(1)Cl|Cl|CH3-C-CH3Cl|CH3-CH-CH2Cl|Cl|CH2-CH2-CH2Cl|(2)A.Cl|Cl|CH3-C-CH3B.Cl|CH2-CH2-CH2Cl|Cl|CH3-CH-CH2Cl|CD.CH3CH2CHCl2(3)C.Cl|CH3-CH-CH2Cl|CH3CH2CHCl2D.(4)E.Cl|CH3-CH-CHClCl|(有旋光)Cl|CH2-CH-CH2Cl|Cl|Cl|Cl|CH3-C-CH2Cl(无旋光)第四章烯烃和炔烃1、(1)顺-3-庚烯(2)3,5-二甲基-4-乙基-3-庚烯(3)3-异丙基-1,3-戊二烯(4)4-叔丁基-2-己炔(5)3-正丙基-5-庚烯-1-炔(6)1,7-辛二烯-4-炔C=CCH2CH2CH2CH3HCH3H(7)(8)CH2=CH-C=CH-CH=CH2CH(CH3)2|(9)CH3CH2CH=C-CC-CH3CH=CH2|———(10)CH2=CH-CC-CH=CH2———2、(1)Br|CH3-CH-CH3CH3CH2CH2Br(2)Cl|CH3-CH-CH3(3)(4)-CHCH2CH3Br|(5)CH2-CH-CH=CH2Br|Br|+CH2-CH=CH-CH2Br|Br|CH3CH2-C-CH3Br|Br|(6)(7)CH3-CH-C-COOHCH3|||O+CH3COOH+CO2↑CH3-CH2-CCAg———(8)↓3、(略)4、(1)p-π(2)σ-π(3)σ-p(4)π-π、σ-π(5)π-π(6)π-π、p-π、σ-π5、正丁烷2-丁烯1-丁炔1,3-丁二烯Ag(NH3)2NO3(—)(—)(+)(—)KMnO4/H+(—)褪色褪色(CO2↑)6、A:CH3-CH2-CH-CCHCH3*B:CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3CH3第五章芳香烃1、(1)2,3-二甲基-1-苯基-1-己烯(2)2,4-二硝基-6-甲氧基甲苯(3)m-溴苯乙烯(4)1-甲基-9,10-二氯菲CH3NO2(5)C=CHPhPhH(6)(C6H5)3CH(7)(8)SO3HNO2CH32.(1)CH2CH2CH3或CH(CH3)2(2)CH2CH3H3C3、(1)重排(2)空间位阻(3)吸电子基钝化苯环,R+为弱亲电试剂.4CH3OHSO3HBrCOOHCOCH3NHCOCH3NO2CH3NO25、(1)(4)(5)(6)(2)≈(3)6、(1)CH3CH3ClAlCl3Br2FeBr3CH3Br[O]HNO3H2SO4COOHBrCOOHBrNO2(2)CH3CH2ClAlCl3Br2FeBr3CH2CH3BrBr2CN-CHBrCH3BrCH2CH3hvCH-CNBrCH3CHCOOHBrCH3H+3O第六章有机波谱学基础(略)第七章卤代烃1、(1)2-甲基-3,3,5-三氯己烷(2)2,3,3-三甲基-1-溴戊烷(3)3-苯基-1-氯丁烷(4)5-氯-1,3-环己二烯(5)(1E)(3S)-1-苯基-3,4-二溴-1-戊烯(6)反-1-叔丁基-4-氯环己烷(7)2-甲基-1-氯-6-溴萘(8)对溴氯化苄(对溴苄基氯)(9)CH2=CH-CH2I(10)CH3-C-ClCH3CH3(11)CH2Br(12)CH3CHCH2CHCH2CHCH2CH3CH3ICl(13)Cl(14)CH3Cl(15)CCCH3HHCHCH2ICH3(16)CH=CH2CH2ClHBr2、(1)SN2(2)SN1(3)SN2(4)SN1(5)SN23、(4)>(1)>(2)>(3)4、(1)SN2(2)SN2(3)SN15、(1)ClCl2hvKOHEtOHBr2CN-BrBrCNCNCOOHCOOHH+3O(2)CH3CH3ClAlCl3Br2hvCH2BrCN-CH2CNH+3OCH2COOHCH3CH3ClAlCl3Br2hvCH2BrCH2MgBrCH2COOHMgEt2OH+3OCO2(a)(b)6、CH3CH2-C-CH-CH2CH3BrH3CCH3CH3CH2-C=C-CH2CH3H3CCH3CH3CH2CCH3OCH3CH2CCH3OHCH3CH=CHCH3CH2=CHCH2CH3ABCDEF第八章醇、硫醇、酚1、(1)5,5-二甲基-2-己醇(2)2,4-二甲基-1-戊醇(3)3-乙基-3-丁烯-2-醇(4)(S)-1,2-二苯基-2-丙醇(5)反-3-甲基环己醇(6)2-苯基-2-丙醇(7)4-苯基-1,6-庚二烯-4-醇(8)2,4,5-三甲基-3-氯-1-庚醇(9)三苯甲醇(10)2,4-二甲基苯酚(11)2-甲基-3-戊硫醇(12)4-巯基-2-戊醇(13)4-甲基间苯二酚(14)2,4,6-三硝基苯酚(苦味酸)2、CH3-C-OHCH3CH3CCCH3HHCH2OHCH2OHCH(CH3)2CH3CH2HOHOHCH2OHOHOHOHCH3CH2CH3HOHHOHCH3-C-SHCH3CH3NO2NO2O2NOHOHCH3CH2CHCH2OHSH(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)3、(CH3)2C=C(CH3)2CH3CH2-CH-CH2ONO2ONO2ONO2CH3O(CH3)2CHCHOCH3CH2CH2-S-S-CH2CH2CH3ONaOH,OHNO2CH3+H2OO(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)4、(1)丁烷1-丁醇苯酚1-丁炔FeCl3(-)(-)紫色(-)Br2/H2O(-)(-)褪色Na(-)↑(2)1,3-丙二醇1,2-丙二醇3-氯-1-丙醇Cu(OH)2(-)兰色溶液(-)AgNO3/Δ(-)↓(白)(3)苄醇m-甲苯酚氯苄氯苯FeCl3(-)紫色(-)(-)Na↑(-)(-)AgNO3/Δ↓(白)(-)5、CH3ClAlCl3Br2FeBr3CH3BrBr2CH2BrBrCH3hvKOHH2OCH2OHBrCH3CH2CH2BrHBrKOHEtOHCH3CH=CH2CH3-CH-CH3BrKOHH2OCH3-CH-CH3OHCH3-CH-CH3O[O](1)(2)第九章醚和环氧化合物1、(1)对乙氧基甲苯(2)2-甲氧基戊烷(3)二乙烯基醚(4)烯丙基乙炔基醚(5)1,2-环氧丁烷(6)1,4-二氧杂环己烷(或二恶烷或1,4-二氧六环)(7)1,2-二乙氧基乙烷(8)2-甲基-5-丙氧基己烷(9)O-CH3(10)O-CH=CH22、OH+CH3IO-C2H5+NaICH3CH2CHCH2OHCH3CH3CH2I+CH3CHCH2-O-CH3OHHO-CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2OHO-CH2CH2OHCH3(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)3、CH2=CH2[O]AgCH2-CH2OHBrCH3CH2BrMgEt2OCH3CH2MgBrH2OCH3CH2CH2CH2OHBr21,4-CH2=CH-CH=CH2CH2-CH=CH-CH2BrBrCH2-CH-CH-CH2BrBrH2CH2-CH-CH-CH2OHOHNaOHH2OH+ΔO(1)(2)第十章醛和酮1、(1)对-硝基苯甲醛(2)3-甲基环戊酮(3)(6Z)-6-辛烯-2,4-二酮(4)2-甲基-4-戊烯醛(5)2,4-己二酮(6)苯乙酮(7)4-甲氧基-2-戊酮(8)(E)-2-甲基3-氯-2-丁烯醛2、CH3O--CHO1.2.CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3CH3|||O3.OO4.CH3CHO5.-C-||OH3CCH36.C=CCHOHH3C(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH27.CH3-CH-C-CH3C6H5|||O8.CH3-C=CH-CH2-CHOCH3|三、完成反应式CH3-C-CH2CH2CH3|CN|OH1.2.HOCH2CH2CH2CHO+CH3OH3.CH3CH2CH2CH2CH34.NNH25.CH3CH=CHCH2OH6.CH3CH2CH2CHOOOHCHOCHO-H2O7.3、CH3O--CHO1.2.CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3CH3|||O3.OO4.CH3CHO5.-C-||OH3CCH36.C=CCHOHH3C(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH27.CH3-CH-C-CH3C6H5|||O8.CH3-C=CH-CH2-CHOCH3|三、完成反应式CH3-C-CH2CH2CH3|CN|OH1.2.HOCH2CH2CH2CHO+CH3OH3.CH3CH2CH2CH2CH34.NNH25.CH3CH=CHCH2OH6.CH3CH2CH2CHOOOHCHOCHO-H2O7.4、鉴别(1)苯甲醛苯乙醛苯乙酮Tollens试剂Ag↓Ag↓(—)Fehling试剂(—)Cu2O↓(砖红色)(2)2-戊酮2-戊醇1-戊醇戊醛I2+NaOHCHI3↓CHI3↓(—)(—)Tollens试剂(—)(—)(—)Ag↓Na(—)H2↑(3)甲醛乙醛丙醛I2+NaOH(—)CHI3↓(—)品红亚硫酸紫红色紫红色(加浓H2SO4不褪色)(加浓H2SO4褪色)5、完成下列转化(1)CH3CH2OHCrO3吡啶CH3CHOOH-CH3CHCH2CHOOH|Zn-Hg(HCl)CH3CHCH2CH3OH|KMnO4CH3CCH2CH3O||稀(2)CH3CH2CH2OHCrO3吡啶CH3CH2CHOOH-稀CH3CH2CHCHCHOOH|CH3|△CH3CH2CH=CCHOCH3|NaBH4乙醇CH3CH2CH=CCH2OHCH3|(3)CH3CHOHCHO+OH-稀HOCH2CH2CHOOH-稀HCHOHOCH2CHCHOCH2OH|OH-稀HCHO