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自动控制automaticcontrol；cybernation自动控制系统automaticcontrolsystem自动控制理论automaticcontroltheory经典控制理论classicalcontroltheory现代控制理论moderncontroltheory智能控制理论intelligentcontroltheory开环控制open-loopcontrol闭环控制closed-loopcontrol输入量input输出量output给定环节givenunit/element比较环节comparingunit/element放大环节amplifyingunit/element执行环节actuatingunit/element控制环节controllingunit/element被控对象(control)plant反馈环节feedbackunit/element控制器controller扰动/干扰perturbance/disturbance前向通道forwardchannel反馈通道feedbackchannel恒值控制系统constantcontrolsystem随动控制系统servo/drivecontrolsystem程序控制系统programmedcontrolsystem连续控制系统continuouscontrolsystem离散控制系统discretecontrolsystem线性控制系统linearcontrolsystem非线性控制系统nonlinearcontrolsystem定常/时不变控制系统time-invariantcontrolsystem时变控制系统time-variantcontrolsystem稳定性stability快速性rapidity准确性accuracy数学模型mathematicalmodel微分方程differentialequation非线性特性nonlinearcharacteristic线性化处理linearizationprocessing泰勒级数Taylorseries传递函数transferfunction比例环节proportionalelement积分环节integratingelement一阶惯性环节firstorderinertialelement二阶惯性环节secondorderinertialelement二阶震荡环节secondorderoscillationelement微分环节differentiationelement一阶微分环节firstorderdifferentiationelement二阶微分环节secondorderdifferentiationelement延迟环节delayelement动态结构图dynamicstructureblock串联环节serialunit并联环节parallelunit信号流图signalflowgraph梅逊增益公式mason’sgainformula时域分析法timedomainanalysismethod性能指标performanceindex阶跃函数stepfunction斜坡函数rampfunction抛物线函数parabolicfunction/accelerationfunction冲击函数impulsefunction正弦函数sinusoidalfunction动态/暂态响应transientresponse静态/稳态响应steady-stateresponse延迟时间delaytime上升时间risetime峰值时间peaktime调节时间settlingtime最大超调量maximumovershoot稳态误差steady-stateerror无阻尼undamping欠阻尼underdamping过阻尼overdamping特征根eigenroot极点pole零点zero实轴realaxis虚轴imaginaryaxis稳态/静态分量steady-statecomponent瞬态/暂态/动态分量transientcomponent运动模态motionmode衰减attenuation系数coefficient初相角initialphaseangle响应曲线responsecurve主导极点dominantpole劳斯稳定判据RouthstabilitycriterionS平面Splane胡尔维茨稳定判据Hurwitzstabilitycriterion测量误差measurementerror扰动误差agitationerror结构性误差structuralerror偏差deviation根轨迹rootlocus常规根轨迹routinerootlocus根轨迹方程rootlocusequation幅值magnitude幅角argument对称性symmetry分离点separationpoint会合点meetingpoint渐近线asymptote出射角emergenceangle入射角incidenceangle广义根轨迹generalizedrootlocus零度根轨迹zerodegreerootlocus偶极子dipole频域分析法frequency-domainanalysismethod频率特性frequencycharacteristic极坐标系polarcoordinatesystem直角坐标系rectangularcoordinatesystem幅频特性magnitude-frequencycharacteristic相频特性phase-frequencycharacteristic幅相频率特性magnitude-phasefrequencycharacteristic最小相位系统minimumphasesystem非最小相位系统nonminimumphasesystem奈奎斯特稳定判据Nyquiststabilitycriterion伯德定理Bodetheorem稳定裕度stabilitymargin幅值裕度magnitudemargin相位/相角裕度phasemargin对数幅频特性logmagnitude-frequencycharacteristic无阻尼自然震荡角频率undampedoscillationangularfrequency阻尼震荡角频率dampedoscillationangularfrequency阻尼角dampingangle带宽频率bandwidthfrequency穿越/截止频率crossover/cutofffrequency谐振峰值resonancepeak系统校正systemcompensation超前校正leadcompensation滞后校正lagcompensation自激震荡self-excitedoscillation死区特性deadzonecharacteristic饱和特性saturationcharacteristic间隙特性backlashcharacteristic描述函数法describingfunctionmethod相平面法phaseplanemethod采样控制系统samplingcontrolsystem数字控制系统digitalcontrolsystem频谱frequencyspectrum采样定理samplingtheorem信号重现signalrecurrence拉氏变换LaplacetransformZ变换Ztransform终值定理final-valuetheorem差分方程differenceequation迭代法iterativemethod脉冲传递函数pulsetransferfunction零阶保持器zero-orderholder映射mapping方框图blockdiagram伯德图Bodediagram特征方程characteristicequation可控性controllability临界阻尼criticaldamping阻尼常数dampingconstant阻尼比dampingratio初始状态initialstate初值定理initial-valuetheorem反Z变换inverseZ-transformation负反馈negativefeedback正反馈positivefeedback尼科尔斯图Nicholschart部分分式展开partialfractionexpansion幅角原理argumentprinciple相对稳定性relativestability共振频率resonantfrequency劳斯表Routhtabulation/array奇点singularity渐进稳定性asymptoticstability控制精度controlaccuracy临界稳定性criticalstability耦合coupling解耦decoupling