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Lesson2ForcesandTheirEffects•Terminology•Texttour2019/12/301《机械工程专业英语教程》Terminology2019/12/302《机械工程专业英语教程》•Compressive•Servingtoorabletocompress•压缩的：起压缩作用或能够压缩的•Turning•Theshapingofmetalorwoodonalathe•车削：用车床将金属或木材加工成型的过程•Lathe车床《机械工程专业英语教程》2019/12/30RectilinearMovingin,consistingof,boundedby,orcharacterizedbyastraightlineorlines:直线的：以直线运动的，向直线组成的，以直线为边的，具有直线之特点的micrometer千分尺32019/12/304《机械工程专业英语教程》ThreadAhelicalorspiralridgeonascrew,nut,orbolt螺纹：螺钉、螺母或螺栓上螺旋型的凸棱Shaper牛头刨床Astudyofanymachineormechanismshowsthateachismadeupofanumberofmovableparts.Thesepartstransformagivenmotiontoadesiredmotion.Inotherwords,thesemachinesperformwork.Workisdonewhenmotionresultsfromtheapplicationofforce.Thus,astudyofmechanicsandmachinesdealswithforcesandtheeffectsofforcesonbodies.《机械工程专业英语教程》2019/12/30Texttour5Theturningofapartinalatheisanotherexampleofseveralforcesinaction(asshowninFigure1).[1]1.turningofapart这里指“对一个零件进行车削加工”。全句译为几个力同时作用的另外的一个例子是在车床上对零件进行车削加工（如图1所示）。《机械工程专业英语教程》2019/12/30Fig.1Theturningofapartinalathe6Astheworkrevolvesandthecuttingtoolmovesintothework,thewedgingactionofthecuttingedgeproducesashearforce.Thisforcecausesthemetaltoseemtoflowofftheworkintheformofchips.[2]2.chip这里指“切屑”。work这里指“工件，即workpiece”。全句可译为：这个力使得金属看起来像以切屑的形式从工件上流出来一样。Ifthisworkpieceisheldbetweenthecentersofthelathe,thecentersexertacompressiveforceagainstthework.[3]3.centersofthelathe意为“车床的两个顶尖”。全句可译为：如果一个工件被安装在车床的两个顶尖之间，顶尖对工件施加一个压力。《机械工程专业英语教程》2019/12/307RotaryMotion.Themotionthatiscommonlytransmittedisrotarymotion.Thistypeofmotionmaybeproducedwithhandtoolsorpowertools.Rotarymotionisrequiredtodrillholes,turnpartsinalathe,millsurfaces,ordriveageneratororfanbelt.[4]4.rotarymotion意为“回转运动”。全句可译为：钻孔、在车床上车削零件、铣平面、驱动发电机或风扇的带等都需要回转运动。《机械工程专业英语教程》2019/12/308RectilinearMotion.Thefeedofatoolonalathe,thecuttingofsteelonapowersaw,ortheshapingofmaterialsareallsituationsinwhichrectilinearorstraightlinemotionproduceswork.Ineachofthesesituationsapartormechanismisusedtochangerotarymotiontostraightlinemotion.Thescrewofamicrometerandthethreadsinanutarestillotherapplicationswherethedirectionofmotionischangedfromrotarytorectilinear.[5]5.thescrewofamicrometer意为“千分尺中的螺杆”全句可译为：千分尺中的螺杆和螺母中的螺纹是把运动方向从转动变为直线的另外一些应用实例。《机械工程专业英语教程》2019/12/309HarmonicandIntermittentMotion.[6]Anysimplevibration,suchastheregularback-and-forthmovementoftheendofapendulum,issimpleharmonicmotion.[7]6.harmonicandintermittentmotion意为谐和运动和间歇运动”。7.simpleharmonicmotion意为“简谐运动”。全句可译为：任何简单的振动，例如摆的下端有规律的往复运动是简谐运动。《机械工程专业英语教程》2019/12/3010