AVR直流电机控制系统硬件设计

沈阳理工大学学士学位论文I摘要近年来，电机调速系统在工业自动化、生产过程控制、测控仪表等领域的应用越来越深入和广泛。ATmega16是基于增强的AVRRISC结构的低功耗8位CMOS微控制器。由于其先进的指令集以及单时钟周期指令执行时间，ATmega16的数据吞吐率高达1MIPS/MHz，从而可以减缓系统在功耗和处理速度之间的矛盾。主要由ATmega16为核心设计由LMD18200驱动芯片，采用232通讯协议的串行通信控制电路构成的直流电机PWM调速控制系统。系统主要完成由上位机和ATmega16控制直流电机的起动，停止和加减速等功能。文章详细介绍了本调速控制系统的工作原理、PWM驱动接口电路和K1010光电耦合器，LMD18200驱动电路，串行通信控制电路相应的软件设计。软件通过ICCAVR编写，然后用AVRStudio进行仿真并将编译通过的程序代码下载到ATmega16之中对系统进行控制。关键词：ATmega16；直流电机；PWM；LMD18200沈阳理工大学学士学位论文IIAbstractInrecentyears,theSCMapplicationwhichusedinthefieldofindustrialautomation,productionprocessbecomesmoreandmoredeepenandextensive.ATmega16isamicrocontrollerbuilduponAVRRISCconfigurationwhichisalowconsumemicrocontrollerof8-bitCMOS.ThedataofATmega16haveahighdispatcherwhichcanreach1MIPS/MHzforadvancedinstructionvolumandtheinstructionofsingleclockcycle,soitcanrelaxedtheconflictbetweenconsumeanddisposespeed.ThisdesignshowusthataPWMspeedsystemofDC-motorusingATmega16isintroducedinthispaper.Thispaperelaboratesonthesystemprinciple,opticalEncoder,LMD18200drivingsystem,HighReliabilityPhotoCouplerK1010,theDC-motorPWMdigitalcontrolsystem,andsystemserialcommunicationagreementof232communication.Thesystemismainlycompletedthestart,stopandaccelerationanddecelerationnfunctionsbywhichthemasterPCandATmega16controltheDCmotor.Thearticledescribedindetailthespeedcontrolsystem'sworkingprinciple,thePWMdriveinterfacecircuitandK1010Optocoupler,LMD18200drivecircuit,therelativesoftwaredesignoftheserialcommunicationcontrolcircuit.ThesoftwareisprogrammedthroughICCAVR,thensimulatedbyAVRStudioandthecompiledcodeisdownloadedtoATmega16tocontrolthesystem.Keywords:ATmega16;DC-motor;PWM;LMD18200沈阳理工大学学士学位论文III目录1绪论......................................................................................................................................11.1课题的背景及意义...................................................................................................11.2直流电机的发展.......................................................................................................21.3本设计完成的工作...................................................................................................22AVR单片机简介.................................................................................................................32.1单片机系统概述.......................................................................................................32.2ATmega16功能概述.................................................................................................32.3ATmega16单片机.....................................................................................................52.3.1ATmega16单片机的特点及特性..................................................................52.3.2ATmega16单片机引脚配置及说明..............................................................82.3.3CPU................................................................................................................92.3.4存储器..........................................................................................................102.3.5I/O口介绍....................................................................................................122.3.6复位电路......................................................................................................172.3.7时钟电路......................................................................................................183直流电机控制系统硬件设计............................................................................................213.1总体电路设计.........................................................................................................213.2时钟电路.................................................................................................................213.3系统复位电路.........................................................................................................213.4串行通信接口电路设计.........................................................................................223.4.1主要特点......................................................................................................223.4.2内部结构......................................................................................................233.4.3Max232引脚图............................................................................................233.4.4Max232电路设计.......................................................................................233.5驱动电路.................................................................................................................243.5.1LMD18200芯片介绍..................................................................................243.5.2各引脚的功能及原理..................................................................................263.5.3驱动电路设计..............................................................................................273.6光电耦合电路.........................................................................................................284软件设计....................................................................................................................