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Overthepastdecade,voluntourismandshort-termvolunteeringhaveexplodedinpopularity.Theyseemtoanswermanyoftheclassiccriticismsoftourismand,unliketraditionalinternationalvolunteering,letusgowhenandwherewewant.Inshort,thisnewtypeoftripseemstoogoodtobetrue.Inmanycasesitis.Volunteeringcausesunemployment.Whypaysomeonetodoajobwhensomeoneelsewilldoitforfree?IvisitedoneschoolinMalawiwheretheheadteachertookWesternvolunteersbecausetheywerecheaperthanpayinglocalstaff.Sure,therearesomeprojectsthatwillnotgetdonewithoutvolunteers—butyoustillneedtoaskwhyyouareneeded,andwhethertheworkwouldnotbebetterdonebyapaidlocalperson.Maybethebestcontributionyoucouldmakewouldbetohelppaythatperson.Oftenvolunteerswanttodowhattheydonotdoathome.Iftheyworkinanofficetheywanttodigawellorteachkids.Butifyoudonotknowhowtodosomethinginyourowncountry,howwillyouknowhowtodoitinsomeoneelse's?VoluntourismcanencourageWesternerstoseedevelopmentassimple,assomethingthatcomesfromoutsiders(ratherthanlocalpeopleandgovernments)andthatcanbedonebyunskilled,butenthusiasticWesterners.Butifdevelopmentwasthatsimpleitwouldallhavebeensortedoutlongago—andworsestill,thedevelopmentissimplemessagereducestheneedforpoliticalchangeandthesupportforlong-termsustainablesolutions.Instead,voluntourismandshort-termvolunteeringtendtooperateoutsideofwiderdevelopmentpolicyandthinking.Despitegoodintentions,projectsthatoperateinthiswaymaynotbereallyhelpful—forexample,aclassroomgetsbuiltwhenwhatisreallyneededisahealtheducationprogram.Iftouristswanttocontribute,thentheyneedtoworktogetherwithdevelopmentagenciesandgovernments.Despitethesecriticisms,theanswerisnottoabandonallformsofvolunteering.Instead,weshouldsupportthoseorganizationsthataddressthesecriticisms,operateinamoralwayanddonotsolelyputinthefirstplacethesuddenthoughtsofthetourist.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothispassage?A.Voluntourismcanletusgoanywhereforfree.B.Voluntourismmakeslotsofpeopleoutofwork.C.Volunteersshouldbeunskilledpeople.D.Voluntourismalwaysoperatesinreallyhelpfulways.2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthesecondparagraphthat________________.A.peopleprefertohiresomeoneforfree.B.volunteersgetlesspaidthanlocalstaff.C.apaidpersonwilldobetterthanaunpaidperson.D.voluntaryworkbenefitsthesocietyalot.3.Whydopeopleprefertoemployvolunteersratherthanlocalstaff?A.Becausetheyarecheaperthanlocalstaff.B.Becausetheydoabetterjobthanlocalpeople.C.Becausetheyhavespecialskills.D.Becausetheyaremoreenthusiasticintheirwork.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTadisadvantageofvolunteering?A.Volunteersmightbeunskilleddespitetheirenthusiasm.B.Voluntourismcanmisleadpeopleintheirunderstandingofdevelopment.C.Voluntourismmightbeoperatedinunhelpfulways.D.Voluntourismhasbecomethetargetofmanycriticisms.5.Whatcanyouinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Wehadbetterabandonvolunteering.B.Volunteeringshouldnotbecriticized.C.Volunteeringshouldbeoperatedinamoralway.D.Thethoughtaboutvolunteeringshouldbeputinthefirstplace.Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassageordialog.Whilethereisnotjustonerightreasontovolunteerabroad,itisimportanttorealizethatdifferentmotivationscanleadtodifferenttypesofservice.Wewarnagainstwantingsolveotherpeople'sproblems,astoooftenthisattitudehashadnegativeeffectsoncommunitiesandhasmadelocalpeoplepowerless.Thus,beforestartingyourvolunteeringprogram,youhadbettermakeyourselfclearaboutthefollowingpoints.DurationandTimeofYearManyoftheinternationalprogramshavesetdates,whileothersallowvolunteerstodeterminetheirownstartandenddates.Theshorter-term(1-to3-week)opportunitiesofteninvolveaspecificprojectsuchasbuildingamedicalclinicorrepairingroads.Inlonger-termprograms,volunteersliveandworkside-by-sidewiththelocalpeople,virtuallybecomingapartofthelocalcommunityanditsrhythmsofdailylife.TypeofVolunteerOrganizationYoumaywishtoknowiftheprogramyouareconsideringisagovernmentagency,afor-profitagency,oranon-profitagency.Youmaywanttoaskiftheorganizationisfaith-basedorsecular.Inanycase,youwillwanttoensurethatyourvaluesandobjectivesareinlinewiththoseofyoursendingandhostorganizations.Avolunteerorganizationmightormightnotcontributepartofyourprogramfeetothelong-termsustainabilityofacommunityanditsresources.Youmaywanttoknowhowtheirfundsareused.Ifyouspeakwithreturnedvolunteersandagencyrepresentatives,youcanoftengetaclearpictureofthetypeofworkyouwillbedoingandthenatureoftheorganizationyouwillberepresenting.SkillsManyoftheopportunitiesyouwillfindonthewebsitedonotrequirevolunteerstohavespecificskills.Awillingspiritandanopenmindareoftenallthatisrequiredtoassistintheworkinitiatedbylocalcommunitymembers.However,ifyouhaveprofessionalexperienceinacertainfield,youmaywanttochooseaprogramthatwillallowyoutoputyourskillstouse.Ontheotherhand,ifyouarehopingtogainnewskillsorexplorenewcareeroptions,considerprogramsthatprovidethegreatestopportunitiesforhands-onworkinyourareaofinterest.Itisnevertoolatetoacquirenewskills!6.Thewordsecularmostprobablymeans________________.A.concernedwithspiritualorreligiousaffairsB.notconnectedwithachurchorreligionC.governedbyordoneaccordingtoreasonD.consiste