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基础知识自测1.____________n.地震2._______n.管；导管3._______n.事件；大事4._______n.运河；水道5._______n.砖；砖块brickearthquakepipeeventcanal6.__________n.掩蔽处；避身处7.__________n.要点；大纲；轮廓8.__________n.灾难；灾祸9.__________vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏10._________vi.(burst,burst)爆发burstshelteroutlinedisasterbury11.__________adj.极度的12.__________adv.真诚地;真挚地13.__________n.废墟vt.毁灭14.__________vt.表示;表达n.快车15.__________n.裁判员;vt.断定judgeextremesincerelyruinexpress(A)单词派生二、单词拓展1.________n.矿，矿山________n.矿工2.__________v.判断__________n.判断；辨别力judgmentmineminerjudge3.________vt.损害;伤害________n.损害;伤害________adj.受伤的4._____________v.祝贺;恭喜_____________n.祝贺;(复数)贺词congratulationinjureinjuryinjuredcongratulate5.___________adj.电的;导电的___________n.电;电流;电学___________adj.与电有关的6.___________v.(使)惊吓___________adj.受惊的;受恐吓的___________adj.令人恐惧的frighteningelectricelectricityelectricalfrightenfrightened1.Twoplayersareoutoftheteambecauseof_______.(injure)介词后要接名词。2.Mypersonal___________isthatheistoblame.(judge)形容词后接名词构成名词词组作主语。judgementinjury3.Ithinkitisdangerousfor______(mine)toworkinsuchterribleconditions.miners意为“矿工”。4.His__________(frighten)eyesmadetheboyfeel___________.5.Bobleftmehis________(electric)fanbeforehewenttoLondon.形容词修饰后面的名词。frighteningfrightenedelectric感到恐惧的令人恐惧的1.____________立刻;马上2.__________________许多;大量的3.____________结束;终结4.____________严重受损;成为废墟三、短语翻译inruinsrightawaya(great)numberofatanend5.__________掘出;发现6.__________仿佛;好像7.__________代替8.__________像往常一样asusualdigoutasifinsteadof9._____________被困住,被套住10.____________横切11.____________三分之二12.______________灾害侵袭的地区disaster-hitareasbetrappedcutacrosstwothirds四、语篇填空At3:42a.m.everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometres1_______(direct)belowthecity,the2________(great)earthquakeofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,3______ismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.directlygreatestwhichSteamburstfromholes4___theground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecity5____(lie)inruins.Thesufferingofthepeople6______(be)extreme.Two-thirdsofthemdied7___wereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmany8________(child)wereleftwithoutparents.inlaywasorchildren9_____numberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshan.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehard10_______(get).Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Thetoget1.directly修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意为“正好”在这座城市下面。2.greatest前有the，后有ofthe20thcentury表示范围，可以确定用最高级。3.which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是Beijing。4.in说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用in；类似的墙上有洞，也用in。5.lay由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一般过去时，lie的过去时是lay。lieinruins成为废墟。6.was主语是Thesuffering(痛苦)，第三人称单数，一般过去时，故填was。7.or指死了“或者”受伤。8.children受many修饰要用复数。9.The从后面的数字看是指“数量”，表示“……的数量”用thenumberof。10.toget在作表语或补语的形容词后只能用不定式作状语。五、语段改错Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakesthearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelpingtherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandspeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosethatweretrappedandtoburythedead.ofhelpwhoTothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minersarerescuedfromthecoalmineshere.Workersbuiltshelterstosurvivorswhosehomehadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybythetrain,truckandplane.Slow,thecitybegantobreathagain.breathehomesthereSlowlyforwere1.helping→help作目的状语用不定式(todo)。2.在people前加of表示具体几千人不用of，thousand也不用复数，如threethousandpeople；表示数以千计的人，thousands后要加of。3.that→who当先行词是指人的those时，只能用who引导定语从句。4.are→were由上下文谓语动词时态可知，用过去时。5.here→there指这座城市北面的煤矿“那里”。6.to→for表示“为某人”造庇护所/房子，用forsb.。7.home→homes由前面的shelters和survivors可知，用复数。8.去掉by后的the用by表示“乘”车/船/飞机等，习惯上说bybus/train/boat/plane，不用冠词。9.Slow→Slowly位于句首，修饰全句，用副词作状语。10.breath→breathe表示开始做某事是begintodosth.，故名词breath要改为动词breathe。重点词汇讲练原句Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.城市里,一些大楼的水管破裂了。(B1P26)1.burstv.爆裂;突发例句Theballoonsuddenlyburst.气球突然爆炸了。burstin闯进来；突然插嘴burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughing放声大笑burstintotears=burstoutcrying放声大哭搭配⑵Whenwewerechattingintheroom,heburst___.运用填入一个恰当的词。⑴Theaudienceburst____cheers.⑶Asshewastalking,theoldmanburst____cryingwithexcitement.outintoin2.injurevt.伤害，使受伤，损害例句Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受伤。理解说出下列各句的汉语意思。⑴Heinjuredhiskneeyesterday.⑵IhopeIdidn’tinjureherfeelings.⑶Dishonestinjuresabusiness.欺骗有害生意。他昨天伤了膝盖。我希望我没有伤害她的感情。3.destroyvt.破坏；毁坏；消灭(damagesth.sobadlythatitcannotberepairedoritnolongerexists，works，etc.)例句Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.无论人们朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。⑴destroy强烈摧毁，无法或难以修复；毁掉(名誉、希望、计划等)。如：Thehousesweredestroyedbyafire.房屋被火灾所毁。⑵ruin(逐渐)彻底毁灭；弄坏(美好经历或有用物)。如：Oxfordhasbeenruinedbythemotorindustry.牛津城已经被汽车工业毁掉了。辨析destroy，ruin&damage⑶damage可修复的部分损坏或损害，指其价值或功能等降低。Theymanagedtorepairthehousesthathadbeendamaged.他们设法修复了受到破坏的房屋。运用用上述词填空，并译成汉语。⑴Whathesaid__________ourlasthope.⑵Shepouredwaterallovermypainting,and_______it.⑶Herheartwasslightly__________asaresultofherlongillness.由于生病，她的心脏轻微受损。(功能降低)destroyed他说的话摧毁了我们最后的希望。ruined她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。(有用物被糟蹋)damaged4.shockv.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊例句San