1Lesson20:Onemaninaboat【课标导航】课程目标层次要求词汇★课文讲解★★语法★★特殊难点★★★【知识梳理】一、词汇catchv.抓到fishermann.钓鱼人,渔民bootn.靴子wasten.浪费realizev.意识到★catchv.抓到①vt.捉住,逮住,捕获Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Haveyoucaughtanyfishtoday?②vt.抓住,握住Canyoucatchtheball?③vt.及时赶到,赶上catchabus赶车Iwanttocatchtheeightnineteen(train)toLondon.catch④的一些固定用法catchacold染上感冒catchone'sbreath摒住呼吸catchsightof=see看见catchfire着火catchone'seyes吸引某人注意力★bootn.靴子apairofboots一双靴子★wasten.浪费①n.浪费awasteof…浪费……Itisawasteoftime/money/food/water.②vt.浪费2Youarewastingtime.★realizev.意识到①v.认识,知道,明白,意识到Iwentintothewrongroomwithoutrealizingit.我无意中走错了房间。IrealizedthatIwaswrong.②v.实现(希望、目标、愿望等)realizeone'sdream实现某人的梦想Shehasrealizedherhopetobeanactress.③使变为事实,使发生(常用于被动语态)Thisplancanneverberealized.二、课文讲解1、Fishingismyfavouritesport.fishing是一个动名词,由动词+ing组成,动名词可以作主语或宾语,如eating,reading等等★fish①n.鱼(不可数名词),鱼的种类(可数)Therearealotoffishes(表示种类)inthesea.②v.钓鱼,捕鱼2、Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.for+时间表示一段时间forhours=forsomehours数小时withoutcatchinganything作为状语而出现,表示结果状语。without是介词,后面一定要加宾语,动名词catching作without的宾语,without后面的动作是主语来做的。动名词也有动词的特性,可以有自己的宾语。without通常表示“缺乏、没有”;当它位于动名词前时,表示“不曾、不”Ican’trepairthecarwithoutyourhelp.Theytriedtoleavetherestaurantwithoutpaying.Hewentoutwithoutsayinganywords.3、Butthisdoesnotworryme.★worryv.①烦恼,担扰worrysb.某人为……烦恼,担扰(作动词一定要加人作宾语,翻译时从后往前翻,宾语担心)Thehouseworriedme./Mydaughterworriedme.①adj.担心beworriedabout……为……担心Iwasneverworriedaboutthis.=Thisdoesnotworryme.4、Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.insteadof…我原准备做……但是后来做了……(insteadof后面的词一定是没有做的,可以放在主句后面)Iwenttoschoolinsteadofstayingathome.我没呆在家里而是去上学了Iboughtbooksinsteadofbuyingdresses.without强调没有做某件事,insteadof强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事副词instead“作为替代,反而”,单独使用时一般出现在句尾Ifyoudon’twantaholidayinEngland,whydon’tyougotoAustraliainstead?5、Iamevenlesslucky.less是little的比较级,意为“不及,不如,更少”IspendlesstimeonEnglishthanonFrench.3less+原形Aisless…thanBA不如B6、Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.spend+时间+在某地在某地度过……时间afterconj.+从句在……之后afterprep.+名词/动词的ing形式……之后(从句主语必须是主句的主语时两种形式可互换)AfterIgotoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.(用一般式表示一个事实,不用“wentto”)Aftergoingtoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.介词after的宾语的动名词havingspent所表示的动作发生在谓语动词go之前,所以动名词用完成形式。withanemptybag注意连读withsth.有……的,持有……的,随身带着……(状语)Who’sthemanwiththebeard?withoutsth.没带……Ialwaysgohomewithoutangthing.什么都没带回家7、'Youmustgiveupfishing!'myfriendssay.giveupdoingsth.=stopdoingsth.放弃做某事Giveupsmoking.8、I'mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.beinterstedinsth./doingsth.对……感兴趣I’minterestedincollectingstamps.三、语法动名词动词+ing作名词时称为动名词,它仍有动词的属性,可以接宾语,动名词可以代替名词做主语和宾语或介词宾语。1、动名词作主语Watchingtelevisionismyfavouritepastime.看电视是我最喜爱的业余爱好.2、动名词作宾语Iamverykeenoncycling.我非常喜欢骑自行车.Heiscapableofdoinganything.他能胜任任何事情.3、利用介词/副词+动名词可以把两个句子连成一个句子apologizefor(not)doingsth.为什么事情而道歉Imustapologize.Iinterruptedyou.我得表示道歉.我打断了你的说话(工作).Imustapologizeforinterruptingyou.由于打断了你的说话(工作),我得表示道歉.(forinterrupting强调interrupt这个动词)Imustapologizeforhavinginterruptedyou.(forhavinginterrupted强调interrupt这个动词先发生,强调时间(havingdone))以上两者为时间概念不同,意思相同congratulate(sb.)ondoingsth.因……祝贺(某人)Hecongratulatedme.Iwonthecompetition.他向我道贺.我赢得了这次比赛.Hecongratulatedmeonwinningthecompetition.在我赢得这次比赛之际,他向我祝贺.Hecongratulatedmeonhavingwonthecompetition.thankyouforlistening/attending动名词用表示完成时的having+过去分词结构往往强调动名词的动词发生在前面。4、跟动名词的短语bekeenondoingsth.(热忠于……),befondof,beinterestedin,enjoydoingsth.(喜欢做某事),congratulationsondoingsth.(祝贺……)beafraidof4beupto=becapableof(capableadj.有能力的,能干的,有可能的,可以...的)可以带动名词的介词有:before,after,without,insteadof等Ican’twatchTVwithoutfallingasleep.我看电视时必定会睡着。5、动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加not。ExercisesC(用括号中的词来连接下列句子,如需要可对原句进行必要的改动)2.Sheboughtapairofboots.(insteadof)Shedidnotgetapairofshoes.Sheboughtapairofbootsinsteadofgettingapairofshoes.=Sheboughtapairofbootsinsteadofapairofshoes.4.(After)Sheheardthenews.Shefainted.after+从句;afterprep.+doingAfterhearingthenews,shefainted.(faintvi.昏晕,昏倒)6.(On)Isawtheplanecomingtowardsme.Idashedforcoveron(prep.)+doing一……就……(两个动作必须是同一个人)Onseeingtheplanecomingtowardsme,Idashedforcover.冲进掩护体assoonas一……就……themoment+从句一……就……以上两个主语不一定是同一个人四、特殊难点InterestedandInteresting.ExcitedandExciting.大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。以-ed结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用,表示人的情绪、状态、喜好等;以-ing结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用,表明事物的某种特征、性质等。Fishingisnotinteresting.Iamnotreallyinterestedinfishing.钓鱼没意思.我对钓鱼并不真正感兴趣.Thematchwasveryexciting.Thecrowdgotveryexcited.比赛非常激动人心.观众非常激动.beinterestedinsth./doingsth.对……感兴趣I’minterestedincollectingstamps.It'sandItsit’s=itisIt's(=itis)coldtoday.It'srainingtoo.今天天气冷.而且正在下雨.its它的Thisenginehaslostitspower.这台发动机已失去了动力.RealizeandUnderstandrealizevt.意识到……Hedidn'trealizethathehadmadeamistake.他没有意识到他犯了一个错误.understandvt.明白……Idon'tunderstandEnglish.我不懂英语.Exercises(选择正确的词填空)3.Therewassome(excited)(exciting)newsontheradio.excitingnewsexcitedadj.感动的;excitingadj.令人激动的如果–ed,-ing做形容词即作定语时,和被修饰词有关ontheradio在广播上Igotnewsontheradio/onTV/onthetelephone/ontheline(在线,在电话里).4.Heisnotan(interesting)(interested)person.5aninterestingpersoninterestedadj.感兴趣的;interestingadj.有趣的5.Heisanexplorer.Heleadsan(excited)(exciting)life.anexcitinglifeexplorern.探险家,探测者,探测器leada