新编大学英语第二版第一册教参1第4课-课后答案,包括讨论题

1Unit4FreshStartUsefulInformationAsteachers,weallgreeteachnewschoolyearwithfeelingsofanticipation,excitement,andevenabitofapprehensionaswewonderwhatournewgroupsofstudentswillbelike.Willtheybeambitiousandinterestedlearnersreadytoabsorbnewwordsandideastomakethemtheirown,orwillwehavetoprodandpushthemtolearnthenewmaterialstowhichtheyarebeingintroduced?Sometimes,infactoften,aclasswillhaveamixtureofbothkindsofstudents.Intheteachingprofession,unlikemanyotherprofessions,wehavetheopportunitytomakeafreshstarteachyear,indeedeachsemester.Wehavetheleisuretoconsiderwhatwentrightandwhatwentwronginthepreviousclasses;wecanalsotryslightlydifferentmethodsofteaching，repeatingtheminthefutureiftheyworkanddiscardingthemiftheydon’t.Inthisrespectteachersarefortunateindeed.Whataboutthestudents?Iftheyarefreshmen,theyhavemanyapprehensionsandmanytensions.Theyarehavingtomakeadjustmentstodormitorylife,nosmallthingformanyofthem.Theyalsoarenowawayfromasecurebaseoffamilyandfriendsandarehopingthattheycanmakenewfriendswithwhomtheycansharetheirhopesandfears.Probablytheyaremostapprehensiveaboutwhetherornottheycansucceedincollege,andtheymaybequiteworriedastowhetherornottheywillbeabletosucceedinthisEnglishclass.ActuallytheEnglishclassroomcanbeaplacewherestudents’apprehensionsareeased.Insmallgroupdiscussionstheycanbeencouragedtotalkaboutthemselves,theirbeliefs,andeventheirfears.Thestudentsinthesmallgroupscanbeverysupportiveofoneanotheriftheyareencouragedtobeso.Often,praisefrompeerscanmeanmoretostudentsthanpraisefromtheirteachersbecausetheyareinsecureintheirsocialrelationships.Studentscanalsoexpresssomeoftheirconcernsthroughwritingassignments.Oftenjustwritingdownsomethingthatisbothersomecanmakeanindividualfeelbetter.ItwouldbewonderfulifwecouldmaketheEnglishclassaplacethatstudentslookforwardtoentering.Itisnotimpossibletohavethishappen,andweteacherscanthinkaboutwhatwecandotomakeitso.Inasense,eachdayisanewbeginningforbothstudentsandteacher,atimewhenafreshstartcanbemade.Weallhavehadclasssessionsthatdidn’tgoexactlyaswewouldhaveliked.Thebeautyofteachingisthatwecanthinkabouthowwecankeepthatfromhappeningagain.Toliveandtobeactivemeansthatwewillallmakemistakes.Wecanlearnnottobecrushedbyourmistakesbuttolearnfromthem,anditisessentialthatwehelpourstudentstolearnthis,too.Ifwecanfindpositivethingstosaytoastudentwhohashada“badday,”wecanhelphimtorealizethathecanmakeafreshstartduringthenextclassandprobablywilldobetter.Weteachersalreadyknowthis,butsometimesitdoesn’thurtthatweremindourselvesofthefact.Ifstudentsseekhelpfromus,wecanaidtheminmakingtheirfreshstarts,eventhoughsometimeswewonderifwehavethetimetodoso.Then,withtheirindividualsuccesses,wewillfeeland,indeed,besuccessfultoo.Philosophersandpoetshavealsorecognizedtheimportanceoffreshstarts,orbeginnings.The5thcenturyB.C.GreekphilosopherPlatostatedthat“thebeginningisthemostimportantpart2ofthework.”JohnDryden,the17thcenturyBritishpoet,remindedhisreadersoftheimportanceofbeginningsbothinnatureandinart,whenhewrote:“ByviewingNature,Nature’shandmaidArt,Makesmightythingsfromsmallbeginningsgrow.”PartOnePreparation1.AFreshman’sAlphabetAisfortheASSIGNMENTSthattheteachersgiveus.BisfortheBOOKSthatIenjoyreading.CisfortheCAMPUSwheremoststudentslive.DisfortheDORMthatIsharewithmyroommates.EisfortheEXAMSthatgivemeheadaches.FisfortheFRIENDSwhomI’mgladtostaywith.GisfortheGRAMMARthatIlearnintheEnglishclass.HisfortheHOBBIESofmine,suchasplayingtennis.IisfortheINFORMATIONthatIgetfromtheInternet.JisfortheJOBthatIwanttogetafterIgraduatefromcollege.KisfortheKNOWLEDGEthatwearegaininginschool.LisfortheLIBRARYwherewecanborrowbooks.MisfortheMAJORofmine--business.NisfortheNOTESthatItakeinclass.OisfortheOKthatIsaytomymotheroverthephone.PisforthePROFESSORSwhogiveuslectures.QisfortheQUIZZESthatteachersgiveusnowandthen.RisfortheREPORTSthatwewriteafterwehavedoneresearch.SisfortheSCHOLARSHIPSthatIhopetowin.TisfortheTUITIONthatmyparentspayformyeducation.UisfortheUNIVERSITIESthatgiveusthechanceforhighereducation.VisfortheVACATIONSthatI’mlookingforwardto.WisfortheWEEKENDSwhenIcanrelaxmyself.XisfortheX’MASCARDSthatIwillreceivefrommyfriendsinDecember.YisfortheYAHOOthatweliketovisitontheInternet.ZisfortheZOOwherewecanlearnaboutallkindsofanimals.SupplementaryActivityTheteachercanaskthestudentstoworkinpairsandprepareashortspeechentitled“AFreshman’sSchoolLife”.Theycandoiteitherinclassorafterclass.AskthemtouseasmanywordsfromtheFreshman’sAlphabetaspossible.Sample:I’mafreshmanatZhejiangUniversity.MymajorisEconomics.Ihavebeenoncampusforabouttwomonths,andI’mlivinginadormwhichisclosetothelibraryoftheuniversity.SofarIhavebeenenjoyingmynewlifeexceptthatsometimesIworryaboutthemid-termandfinalexams.Theprofessorsstressalmosteverytimethatourstudents’primarypurposehereistogainasmuchknowledgeaspossible.Weshouldattendclassregularlyandtakegoodnotes;weshould3handinourassignmentsontime;weshouldreadallthebooksweneedtoreadandwriteneatreportswithfewmistakesingrammar;andtheresultsofquizzeswillaccountforpartofourgrades.Usuallyweareverybusyduringtheweek.Butonweekendswecandevotesometime