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1Uint7II.BasicListeningPractice1.ScriptM:Nowwehavesatelliteandhigh-poweredmicroscope,it’seasytothinkweknoweverythingabouttheworld;butwestilldon’tunderstandEINino.W:Right.ScientistsallovertheworldoverareevenuncertainaboutthecauseofthewarmPacificcurrentthatbringsstormsordrought—themysteriousEINino.Q:Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheconversation?2.ScriptM:Everyoneistalkingaboutenvironmentalproblem:acidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,holesintheozonelayer.Weshouldthinkpositively.Whatcanwedotoimprovethings?W:Iagree.Wecoulddoalotmoretoharnessthesun’senergyforheatingandlightinginourhomes.InJapan43,000solarroofswereinstalledin2002.Q:Howdothemanandthewomanviewtheenvironment?3.ScriptW:WelivedinBeijingsomeyearsago.Itwasalwaysdifficulttokeepthehousecleanwithwindfromthenorthblowingsandfromthedesertatus.M:That’swhytheChinesegovernmenthasbeenencouragingpeopletoplanttreesalongtheedgesoftheGobiDesert.Nowthosetreesactaswindbarriers.Q:Whatdidthegovernmentencouragepeopletodo?4.ScriptM:ManyoldrefrigeratorsandcarsareenvironmentalhazardsbecausetheycontainCFCsthatdestroytheozonelayer.W:Yes,butgovernmentororganizationsarehelpingpeopletosafelydisposeofoldrefrigeratorsor,inthecaseofcars,toupgradetheirairconditioning.Q:Whataregovernmentdepartmentshelpingpeopletodo?5.ScriptM:Hey,that’sanaerosolsprayyou’reusingonyourhair!Buildabomborsetfiretotheapartmenttokillusquicklyinsteadofmakingholesintheozone,sowedieofcancer.W:Coolit,man.Thisspraydoesn’tcontainCFCs.Andyou’dbetterreadalittlemore.In2003theholeintheozonelayershrankby20percent,sothere’snoreasontopanic.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Keys:1.B2.D3.A4.A5.C2III.ListeningInTask1:Weshouldhaveproperrespectfornature!ScriptMartha:Doyouthinkmostpeopleinyourculturerespectnature?Ed:Ithinkso.Umm…morenowthanbefore.Martha:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentproblemintheworldtoday?Ed:Today…Ithinkdamagetotheozonelayerisabigproblem;andanotherproblemispollutioninbigcitiesandthingslikethat.Martha:Howdoyoulearnaboutenvironmentalproblems?Ed:Umm…throughschool.Alotofclubspromoteenvironmentalsafely,andsomeTVprograms,too.Theytalkaboutenvironmentalsafelyandstufflikethat.Martha:Doyouthinkstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool?Ed:Ithinkso.So,astheygrowolder,theycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsthataregoingon.Andalsotopreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Martha:Ifyoucouldcreateanewlawtohelptheenvironment,whatwoulditbe?Ed:Anewlawfortheenvironment?Umm…I’dprobablysaythatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowthemintothegarbagebin,notjustthrowthemeverywherebecauseit’sjustlitteringandIhatethat.Sotheyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloorontheground.Martha:That’sagoodidea.Whatdoyoupersonallydotohelpprotecttheenvironment?Ed:I’msoagainstlittering.Ineverlitter.IfIseesomebodylitter,Igetreallyangry.SoIalwaysthrowmytrashintothegarbagebin.WhilebeinginterviewedbyMartha,Edsaidmorepeopleinhisculturerespectnatureeverbefore.Whenaskedaboutthemostseriousenvironmentalproblemintheworldtoday,hementionedthedamagedozonelayerandthepollutioninbigcities.Edlearnedaboutenvironmentalproblematschool.AlotofclubsandsomeTVprogramspromoteenvironmentalsafely.Hebelievesthatstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool.Thentheycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsandpreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Whenaskedaboutanewlawhewouldliketocreatetohelptheenvironment,hesaidthatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowtheminthegarbagebin.Theyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloor.3Personally,Edissosetagainstlitteringthatheneverlitters.Healwaysthrowshistrashintothegarbagebin.Task2:AWorkQualificationTestScriptAccordingtoareportbyAustralianresearchers,theholeintheozonelayeroverAntarcticawillprobablystartclosingwithinfiveyears.Theysayitmaybecompletelyclosedwithinfiftyyears.TheozonelayerprotectstheEarthfromdangerousradiationfromthesun.TheholeintheozonelayerwasdiscoveredoverAntarcticaalmostthirtyyearsago.Atthetime,itwasthreetimesthesizeofAustralia.Thereportfoundthatozone-destroyinggasesintheupperatmospherewereatorneartheirhighestlevelsintheyear2000.Butsincethen,therehasbeecontinuousprogressmadetowardtherecoveryoftheozonelayer.Satelliteinformationshowedthatlevelsofozone-destroyinggasesintheatmosphereareslowlydecreasing.Atitslargestthisyear,theozoneholecoveredmorethan15millionsquarekilometers.Thatisdownfromayearlyaverageof23millionsquarekilometersoverthelastsixyears.Chlorofluorocarbons,orCFCs,areresponsiblefordestroyingpartoftheozonelayeroverAntarctica.CFCshavebeenwidelyusedsincethe1930sincoolingdevicessuchasrefrigeratorsandairconditioners.CFCsremainintheatmosphereforyears.Governmentscientistsaythelevelofchlorineintheatmosphereisdecreasingbecauseofrestrictionsontheuseofchlorofluorocarbons.ThechemicalswererestrictedunderaninternationalagreementcalledtheMontrealProtocolin1987.UndertheProtocol,developingcountriespromotedtocuttheiruseofchlorofluorocarbonsinhalfbytheyear2005.Theyalsoagreedtoaneighty-fivepercentcutbytheyear2oo7.Keys:FTTFTForReference1.ItwasthreetimesthesizeofAustralia.2.TheypromisedtocuttheiruseofCFCsinthehalfby2005andagreedtoan85percen