一、知识点1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethatheipsthemfloat?哪位科学家发现了水里的东西被帮助以浮动的力举起?inwater定语,修饰objects,aforce之后又跟了个that引导的定语从句。liftup拿起,举起,升起Heliftuphislittleson,andmountedhimonthehorse.他把小儿子举起来,让他骑在马背上。Tocallbacktheboyfromadistance,thefatherhadtoliftuphisvoice.为了把儿子从远处叫回来,父亲不得不提高嗓子喊。2.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?谁用豌豆显示了身体特征是如何从父母传延到孩子的?Acharacteristicofthecamelisitsabilitytoliveforalongtimewithoutwater.不喝水也能活很长时间。withhischaracteristicenthusiasm以他特有的热忱Theletterpassedfromonetoanotheruntileveryonehadreadit.那封信逐一传阅,直到每个人都看过为止。Accordingtoherwill,whentheoldladydies,hermoneywillpasstohergrandson.根据老太太的遗瞩,她去世时,她的钱将遗留给她的孙子。3.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?谁提出了关于黑洞的理论?putforward提出建议,拨快(钟等)...Theyputforwardsomenewideasonthesubject.他们对这个问题提出了一些新的见解。put的常用词组有:putaside节省(钱、时间);储蓄;把……放在一边putaway储存(钱);放好putback拨慢;搁置putdown放下;记下;击败;使(飞机)着陆;putoff延期;推迟puton上演;穿上;戴上putout熄灭;关掉;扑灭putthrough接通电话;完成putupwith忍受;忍耐putintoaction/effect/practice实施;实行4.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseasessuchascholera?关于传染病你了解什么,比如霍乱?Coldsareinfectious,andsoaresomeeyediseases.感冒是传染的,有些眼病也是传染的。It'smoreusefultolearnmodernlanguages,suchasEnglishandGerman.学习英语和德语等现代语言有用。5.…sofamous,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies…….他的确医术精湛,因而成为照料维多利亚女皇的私人医生…Whichdoctorisattendingyou?哪一个医生为你看病?attendameeting[lecture]出席会议[听演讲,听课]attendawedding[afuneral]参加婚礼[葬礼]attendschool[church]上学[教堂]ease用作动词,意思是“减轻;消除;舒缓;放松”,表示消除某人的痛苦时用结构“easesb.ofsth.”;也可以用作名词,意为“舒适;自在;不拘束;容易”。Thesepillswilleasetheheadache.这些药丸会减轻头疼。Walkinghelpedtoeasehimofhispain.他散了散步减轻了一些痛苦。Herwordsgaveeasetomydistractedmind.我心神不宁,她的话使我宽心。作名词时的常见搭配:atease放松;自如;不拘束be/feelatease感到舒适illatease不自在;感到拘束put/setsb.atone’sease使某人感到舒适、不拘束withease容易地;无困难地Thedoctorgavehimsomepainkillerstoeasethepain.医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。Idon'tfeelateaseinthestrangeplace.在这个陌生的地方,我觉得很不自在。6.…peopleexposedtocholera.得了霍乱的老百姓是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰people。相当于定语从句whichwereexposedtocholera。expose的意思是“暴露;揭露;使曝光”,常与介词to连用,表示“使暴露于(日光、风雨等);受到风险;使面临”的意思。Thesoilwaswashedawaybytheflood,exposingbarerock.泥土被洪水冲走,露出光秃秃的石头。Thebabywasleftexposedtothewindandrain.婴儿被弃于风雨之中。Thesoldiersintheopenfieldareexposedtotheenemy’sfire.空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。7.themostdeadlydiseaseinitsday.在当时是最致命的疾病deadlyadj.致命的,势不两立的,死一般的,极度的,必定的adv.如死一般地,极度地;非常地Fogisthesailor'sdeadlyenemy.雾是航海者最致命的敌人。deadlyserious.极其严重8.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每当(疾病)突发时,总有成千的人死去。本句是一个复合句,everytime引导的是一个时间状语从句,意思是“每当……”,相当于“when”。另外,此状语从句中还有一个“therebe”结构。类似用法的副词和短语有“directly(一……就),immediately(一……就),instantly(一……就),theminute(一……就),themoment(一……就),thesecond(一……就),each(every)time(每当),nexttime(下次……时),thelasttime(上次……时)等。Shewenttoseehimdirectlyshegottheletter.她一收到信就去他了。Immediatelythemealwasover,heswitchedontheradio.饭一吃完他就把收音机打开。Shecametothescenethemomentsheheardoftheaccident.她一听说发生了事故,就立刻到现场来了。Thelasttimewetalkedhesaidheneededanothertwodays.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。9.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。Isuggestthatyoudidnotcatchthe8o'clocktrain,butthatyoucaughtthe8.25train.你没有搭8点钟的火车,而是搭的8点25分的车。Hesuggestedgoingoutforawalk.=Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gooutforawalk.他建议出去走走。absorb的意思是“吸收;吸引;使专心;合并;吞并”,常用beabsorbedinsth.表示“专心于某事”。Cleverchildrenabsorbknowledgeeasily.聪明孩子容易吸收知识。Aspirinisquicklyabsorbedby/intothebody.阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。Heisabsorbedinhisbusiness.他专心致志的处理业务。beabsorbedby被……吞并;为……所吸收absorb…into吞并;吸……到……absorbone’sattention吸引某人注意absorbone’stime占用某人的时间10.theaffectedperson患者beaffectedbyheat[cold]中暑[着凉]Hewasdeeplyaffectedbymywords.他听了我的话很受感动。11.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,JohnSnowwasreadytotestthesetwotheories.因此,在1854年伦敦再次爆发霍乱的时候,约翰斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。bereadytodosth乐于做,准备做Wewereallhitbythedepression.我们都受到了不景气的影响。物价上涨冲击了每个人的钱袋。StrikewaveshitseveralWesternEuropeancountries.罢工的浪潮袭击了好几个西欧国家。12.…thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.霍乱流行得很严重,在10天之内就死去了500多人。severe用作形容词,当它的意思为“严重的;严肃的”时,和serious相近;当它的意思为“严厉的;严格的”时,与strict相近,常用结构besevereon(upon)/withsb.表示“对某人严厉或严格”;此外它还有“剧烈的;尖锐的;朴素的”的意思。Thedroughtisbecomingincreasinglysevere.旱灾日趋严重。Heisseverewithhischildren.和对子女很严格。Youaretoosevereon(upon)theboy.你对那个男孩太严厉了。Ifeltaseverepaininthechest.我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。表示“伤势严重”要用severe,不用serious;但指“疾病严重”时,两者都可与illness连接。Shereceivedsevereheadinjuriesintheaccident.在事故中她的头部受了重伤。(此句不可用serious)Iwaslaidupforsixweekswithasevere/seriousillness.由于重病,我卧床六个星期。13.Themapgaveavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。valuable的意思是“贵重的;有很大价值的;有用的;有帮助的”,其名词形式为value。Ihaveavaluablecollectionofpainting.我有一批很有价值的画。Thisbookisvaluableto/forstudentsofEnglish.这本书对学英语的学生很用。valuable,valueless,invaluable,priceless与worthless的用法区别:(1)valuable,priceless,invaluable这三个词意思一样,都表示“贵重的;无价的”的意思。priceless意思为“无价的;价值连城的”,用于加强语气,加深程度等情况;比valuable的程度更强。invaluable的意思是“无法估价的;无价的”,不用于形容价值或金钱,而是指质或品质。(2